"Chemical Properties of Metals" Metal PPT Courseware 5

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"Chemical Properties of Metals" Metal PPT Courseware 5

[Study 1]Reaction of metals with oxygen

Review and discussion:

Ask students to recall in the chemical properties of oxygen, which reactions between metals and oxygen have we studied? Can you still recall the phenomenon of these reactions?

Experimental exploration

Burn a copper wire and a gold ring in the air and observe the phenomenon.

Experiments show that most metals can react with oxygen, but the difficulty and intensity of the reaction vary.

Magnesium and aluminum can react with oxygen at room temperature.

Iron and copper cannot react with oxygen at room temperature, but they can react with oxygen at high temperatures.

Gold does not react with oxygen even at high temperatures.

Mobility: Magnesium, Aluminum > Iron, Copper > Gold

1. Reaction between metal and oxygen

2Mg+O2==2MgO

4Al+3O2==2Al2O3

Metal + oxygen → metal oxide

Metal oxide: an oxide composed of metal elements and oxygen elements

think:

1. Why does aluminum have excellent corrosion resistance?

4Al+3O2==2Al2O3

2. Analyze the chemical principle behind "real gold is not afraid of fire".

metal mobility

Compare the mobility of the metals just mentioned.

The order of metal activity: Mg>Al>Fe, Cu>Au

think:

1. The chemical properties of aluminum are very active. Why are aluminum products usually very corrosion-resistant?

Because aluminum reacts with oxygen in the air, a dense aluminum oxide film is formed on its surface, which prevents further oxidation and has good corrosion resistance.

2. Why should we not use steel brushes, sand, etc. to scrub aluminum products?

If you use steel brushes, sand, etc. to scrub aluminum products, the aluminum oxide film will be easily removed and the protective effect will not be achieved.

[Study 2]Reaction of metals with acids

Experimental exploration:

1. Put two small pieces of magnesium, zinc, iron and copper into four test tubes respectively, then add about 5 mL of dilute hydrochloric acid respectively, observe the phenomenon and compare the intensity of the reaction. If gas is generated, determine what gas is generated after the reaction? (Put a small burning stick on the mouth of the test tube to check)

2. Use dilute sulfuric acid instead of dilute hydrochloric acid to conduct experiments and compare the phenomena that occur.

remember

Fe+2HCl=FeCl2 +H2↑

Is it a decomposition reaction or a combination reaction?

Displacement reaction: A reaction in which one element reacts with one compound to produce another element and another compound.

"Xiangyun" torch production process

①Coat a layer of acid-proof material on the metal surface

② Carve the "auspicious cloud" pattern on the acid-proof material

③Use dilute hydrochloric acid to treat the surface. The hydrochloric acid can "eat" the metal.

④Remove the acid-proof material layer and metal plate

Showing the "auspicious cloud" pattern

[Study 3]Reaction of metals and metal compound solutions

Experimental exploration

1. Dip an aluminum wire polished with sandpaper into the copper sulfate solution. Take it out after a while and observe. What happens?

2. Dip a clean copper wire into the silver nitrate solution, take it out after a while, and observe, what happens?

3. Dip another clean copper wire into the aluminum sulfate solution, take it out after a while and observe, what happens?

Metal activity sequence:

Metal activity gradually weakens from strong to strong

1. In the order of metal mobility, the higher the metal is, the more mobile it is.

2. In the order of metal activity, the metal located in front of hydrogen can displace the hydrogen in hydrochloric acid and dilute sulfuric acid.

3. In the order of metal activity, metals at the front can displace metals at the back from the solution of their compounds.

The two simplest ways to compare the mobility of three metals

1.Metal solution on both sides

For example, compare the mobility of three metals: iron, copper, and silver. Only three medicines are needed: metallic iron and silver and copper sulfate

Solution three reagents two-step experimental operation

The first step is to add the iron piece to the copper sulfate solution. There is a red material reaction on the surface of the iron wire, indicating the activity: Fe is greater than Cu. Fe + CuSO4 == FeSO4 + Cu. The second step is to add the silver piece to the copper sulfate solution. There is no phenomenon or reaction, indicating the activity. : Cu is greater than Ag

Mobility: Fe is greater than Cu Cu is greater than Ag That is

2. The metal in the middle of the solution on both sides

Drugs need to be selected: ferrous sulfate solution, silver nitrate solution and metallic copper are also two-step experimental operations.

The first step is to put the copper piece into the ferrous sulfate solution. If there is no reaction, the activity of Fe is greater than that of Cu.

Step 2: Put the copper piece into the silver nitrate solution. A silvery white substance will be generated on the surface of the copper piece. Reaction theory

It shows that the activity of Cu is greater than Ag Cu + 2AgNO3 == 2Ag + Cu(NO3)2

Extended exploration 2

There are several substances including iron sheets, copper sheets, mercury nitrate solution and hydrochloric acid. To determine the activity sequence of Fe, Cu, Hg and H, there are three options as follows:

A. Fe +HCl Fe + Hg(NO3)2 Cu +HCL

B. Fe + HCl Cu + HCl Cu + Hg(NO3)2

C. Fe + HCl Fe + Hg(NO3)2 Cu + Hg(NO3)2

Try to evaluate these three options:

(1) The worst solution is __________, and the reason is __________.

(2) The best solution is __________, and the reason is __________.

Extended exploration three

A certain solution contains only two solutes, AgNO3 and Cu(NO3)2. Divide it into two parts, A and B. Add a certain amount of zinc powder to each. After full reaction, filter and wash to obtain the filter residue and filtrate respectively.

1. If bubbles are generated when the filter residue obtained in A is added to dilute hydrochloric acid, then the substance contained in the filter residue is ________;

2. Add dilute hydrochloric acid dropwise to the filtrate obtained in B. If a white precipitate appears, the corresponding filter residue contains _________, and the solute contained in the filtrate is _______________.

Exercises and Practice:

1. The waste acid solution in the laboratory cannot be poured directly into the sewer because _________; when the workers cut the steel plates, they often use copper sulfate solution to draw lines because _________.

2. Xiaolan’s home collects an aluminum Buddha statue from the late Qing Dynasty, which is still very well preserved. The main reason is ( )

A. Aluminum is not prone to chemical reactions

B. Aluminum oxides are prone to reduction reactions

C. Aluminum is not easily oxidized

D. Aluminum is easy to oxidize, but aluminum oxide has the function of protecting the internal aluminum

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For more information about the "Chemical Properties of Metals Metals" PPT courseware, please click the "Chemical Properties of Metals ppt Metal ppt" tag.

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Update Time: 2024-10-02

This template belongs to Chemistry courseware Beijing Curriculum Reform Edition Ninth Grade Chemistry Volume 2 industry PPT template

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