"Atoms" PPT courseware 2 of the particles that make up matter

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"Atoms" PPT courseware 2 of the particles that make up matter

1. Preliminary understanding of atoms

Characteristics of atoms:

Atoms are small

quality

Have volume

How much is the mass of an atom?

The mass of a carbon atom is:

0．00000000000000000000000001993kg

That is, the mass of an oxygen atom of 1.993×10-26 kg is:

0．00000000000000000000000002657kg

That is, the mass of an iron atom of 2.657×10-26 kg is:

0．00000000000000000000000009288kg

That is 9.288×10-26 kg

2. Relative atomic mass

The mass of an atom is so small that it is inconvenient to write and remember.

International regulations: 1/12 of the mass of a carbon atom is used as the standard, and the mass of other atoms is compared with it.

Relative atomic mass = mass of a certain atom/mass of a carbon atom × 1/12

Note: Relative atomic mass is just a ratio, not the actual mass of the atom. The unit is 1

Observe and think

1 proton carries one unit of positive charge

Neutrons are uncharged

1 electron carries one unit of negative charge

It can be concluded from the table:

1. The composition of atoms: The particles that make up atoms are generally protons, neutrons, and electrons

2. In an atom: nuclear charge = number of protons = number of electrons

3. The number of protons and the number of neutrons are not necessarily equal

4. Different types of atoms have different numbers of protons.

5. There are no neutrons in the hydrogen nucleus

3. The composition of atoms

1.Atomic structure

Nucleus

Proton (+)

Neutron (uncharged)

electronic(-)

2. Nuclear charge = Number of protons inside the nucleus = Number of electrons outside the nucleus

Calculation of relative atomic mass approximate values:

According to experimental determination:

The mass of an electron is very small, 1/1836 of the mass of a proton

Therefore, the mass of an atom is mainly concentrated in the nucleus

Relative atomic mass ≈ number of protons + number of neutrons

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Update Time: 2024-10-03

This template belongs to Chemistry courseware Beijing Curriculum Reform Edition Ninth Grade Chemistry Volume 1 industry PPT template

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