"Preliminary Understanding of Chemical Elements" Representation of Chemical Elements and Substance Composition PPT Courseware

Description

"Preliminary Understanding of Chemical Elements" Representation of Chemical Elements and Substance Composition PPT Courseware

1. Elements, existence and transformation of elements

1. What are elements?

Elements are the general name for atoms of the same type with the same nuclear charge (i.e. the same number of protons).

Element is a macroscopic collection concept based on microscopic concepts.

Three elements:

The same nuclear charge means the same number of protons

Same type of atoms with different masses but the same chemical properties

General term

Elements are used to describe the composition of macroscopic matter

For example: Water is composed of two elements: hydrogen and oxygen.

Elements only talk about their types, not their numbers.

For example: You cannot talk about the two elements hydrogen and oxygen.

2. Element classification

More than one hundred elements have been discovered so far

element

Metal elements: Characteristics of Chinese characters: next to "钅", except for "gold" and "mercury"

Non-metallic elements:

"Stone" solid non-metal

"Gas" gaseous non-metal

"氵" liquid non-metal

Noble gas elements: helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon

3. Content and distribution of elements in the earth’s crust and living organisms

Talk about it

(1) The most abundant element in the earth’s crust is: oxygen

(2) The most abundant metal element in the earth’s crust: aluminum

(3) The most abundant element in biological cells: oxygen

Comparison of elements and atoms

definition

element

A general term for a type of atoms with the same nuclear charge

atom

smallest particle in chemical changes

difference

element

①Only talk about the type, not the number

②It is a macro concept

③Can only form matter, but cannot form matter

④The type and quality of elements remain unchanged during chemical changes

atom

① Talk about both types and numbers

②It is a micro concept

③Can directly form molecules or substances

④The type, number, and mass of atoms remain unchanged during chemical changes.

interrelationship

Elements are a general term for a type of atoms with the same nuclear charge. Atoms are individuals of elements and are the smallest particles in chemical changes.

2. Element symbols

1. The origin of element symbols

International regulations: Use the first letter of the element's Latin name to represent the element.

2. Writing principles of element symbols:

"One is big, two is one big and one is small."

3. How to read element symbols

O--oxygen element

Fe--iron element

H--hydrogen element

4. The meaning of element symbols

O represents both oxygen and an atom of oxygen

H hydrogen element a hydrogen atom

Fe iron element an iron atom (can also mean iron)

After adding a coefficient in front of the element symbol, it can only represent a number of atoms and no longer represent a certain element. For example, 3H only represents three hydrogen atoms

3. Introduction to the Periodic Table of Elements

1. Cycle: Each horizontal row is called a cycle, with a total of 7 cycles.

2. Family: Each column is called a family (the three columns 8, 9, and 10 together form a family)

3. The beginning of the periodic table of elements:

Metal → non-metal → rare gas

4. Atomic number = nuclear charge = number of protons in the nucleus = number of electrons outside the nucleus

After studying this topic, I know:

1. Elements, existence and transformation of elements

1. Definition of elements:

A general term for a type of atoms with the same nuclear charge (i.e. number of protons)

2. Classification of elements: metallic elements, non-metallic elements, rare gas elements

3. Distribution of elements in nature

(1) The top four most abundant elements in the earth’s crust: oxygen, silicon, aluminum, and iron

(2) The top three elements most abundant in living organisms: oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen

2. Element symbols:

1. Reading and writing methods

2. Meaning: represents an element and also represents an atom of this element.

3. Introduction to the periodic table of elements

Classroom standard training

1. The element symbol "Hg" cannot represent ( )

A. Mercury element B. One mercury atom

C. Compounds containing mercury D. Mercury element

2. “2H” means ( )

A. Two hydrogen elements B. Two hydrogen atoms

C. Hydrogen element D. Two hydrogen molecules

3. If you drink dairy products for a long time, your body will not be deficient in calcium. "Calcium" here refers to ( )

A. The metal calcium B. Calcium atoms

C. Calcium element D. Calcium molecule

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Update Time: 2024-07-04

This template belongs to Chemistry courseware Beijing Curriculum Reform Edition Ninth Grade Chemistry Volume 1 industry PPT template

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