"Chemistry Makes Life Better" Entering the Chemistry Hall PPT Courseware 2

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"Chemistry Makes Life Better" Entering the Chemistry Hall PPT Courseware 2

1. What is chemistry

Chemistry is a basic natural science that studies the composition and structure, properties and changes, preparation and uses of substances.

The world is material, and matter moves and changes. What are the laws of change of matter?

Life Knows: Water Boiling Experiment

1. Please tell me the color, state and smell of the water.

2. When water is heated and boiled, what happens at the mouth of the test tube?

3. What are the phenomena on dry-cooled glass pieces?

Experiment 1 Magnesium belt grinding and reaction with hydrochloric acid

Magnesium ribbon reacts with hydrochloric acid

(1) Phenomenon: A large amount of gas is released, and a large amount of heat is released.

(2) Text expression: magnesium + hydrochloric acid = magnesium chloride + hydrogen

(3)Chemical equation: Mg +2HCl = MgCl2 + H2

(4)Related element symbols: Mg H Cl

Experiment 2. Heating basic copper carbonate

(1) Experimental phenomenon

solid green to black

Water droplets appear at the mouth of the test tube

Generates gases that turn limewater cloudy

(2) Text expression:

Basic copper carbonate → copper oxide + water + carbon dioxide

Cu2(OH)2CO3==2CuO+ H2O + CO2

(3) Chemical equation

(4) Relevant element symbols: Cu O H

2. Changes in matter:

1. Physical changes: changes that do not produce new substances.

2. Chemical changes: changes that produce new substances.

3. Some phenomena accompanying chemical changes

Common phenomena: glow, heat, color change, gas release, precipitation; often accompanied by energy changes

4. The difference and connection between physical changes and chemical changes:

Note: When judging the type of material change, you should not just look at whether there is a phenomenon, but whether other substances are generated. Some chemical changes have no obvious phenomenon, and physical changes can also be accompanied by obvious phenomena, such as luminescence and heat release when electricity is turned on. .

practise

1. Which of the following statements is incorrect - ( )

A. Chemical changes are often accompanied by phenomena such as heat release and luminescence.

B. Chemical changes must produce other substances.

C. Chemical changes must be more severe than physical changes.

D． Physical changes occur simultaneously with chemical changes.

2. One of the following changes is different from the other three changes. This change is ( )

A. Gasoline volatilization B. Crushed ore

C. Water turns into ice D. Wood burns

3. Which of the following changes are physical changes ( )

A. Food spoilage B. Steel rust

C. Gas explosion D. Boiler explosion

4. Which of the following changes are chemical changes ( )

A. The light bulb glows B. The air liquefies

C. Photosynthesis D. Seawater sun salt

3. Properties of matter

1. Chemical properties: Properties manifested in chemical changes. Such as: flammability, stability, oxidation, reducibility, acidity and alkalinity, toxicity, etc.

2. Physical properties: properties that a substance exhibits without chemical changes. Such as: color, state, taste, hardness, density, melting and boiling points, solubility, volatility, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, etc.

3. The difference between descriptions of "material changes" and "material properties": Generally, the language used to describe material properties includes words such as "can, easily, can, and will", such as alcohol burning alcohol can burn

practise

1. Human life requires energy. The following energy is mainly produced by chemical changes ( )

A. The energy generated by the electric iron B. The light emitted by the electric lamp

C. Hydropower stations use electricity generated by water power D. The energy released by the combustion of liquefied petroleum gas

2. Which of the following changes in substances is a chemical change ( )

① Alcohol evaporates ② Sugar dissolves in water ③ Food rots ④ Iron ore makes iron ⑤ Car tires explode ⑥ Electric lights glow

(A)①③ (B)③④ (C)②③ (D)④⑤

3. Which of the following methods can be used to identify O2 and CO2 ( )

A. Smell b. look at color

C. Clarified limewater D. burning sticks

test you

1. The characteristics of chemical changes are ( )

A. There is light and heat phenomenon

B. The state or color of a substance changes

C. Gas is released or precipitation occurs

D. Other substances are produced

2. Which of the following changes are physical changes ( )

A. Gunpowder explosion B. Coal combustion

C. Ore crushing D. Steel rusting

3. Which of the following changes are chemical changes ( )

A. Ice melts into water B. Steel rusts

C. Steel ingots are rolled into steel bars D. Candles are melted

Physical and chemical properties

1. Physical properties: Properties that a substance exhibits without chemical changes, such as color, odor, state, boiling point, hardness, density, solubility, etc.

2. Chemical properties: properties manifested by substances in chemical changes, such as flammability, stability, oxidability, etc.

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Update Time: 2024-07-02

This template belongs to Chemistry courseware Hunan Education Edition Ninth Grade Chemistry Volume 1 industry PPT template

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