"Utilization of Fossil Fuels" Fuel and Combustion PPT Courseware 2

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"Utilization of Fossil Fuels" Fuel and Combustion PPT Courseware 2

Fossil fuels

Three major fossil fuels

Coal: “the food of industry” and one of the oldest fossil fuels in human history

Oil: "The blood of industry"

Natural gas: flammable gas naturally formed underground, the main component is methane (CH4)

Question: Do you know the history of my country’s use of fossil fuels?

Picture: "Mengxi Bi Tan" records about my country's oil exploration and scenes of burning natural gas to boil well salt in ancient my country.

[Summary]my country is the earliest country in the world to use coal and to exploit oil and natural gas.

West-East Gas Transmission

The "West-East Gas Transmission" is a major project to develop the northwest. This project transports natural gas from Tarim, Xinjiang, to the western suburbs of Shanghai. The total length of the gas pipeline is more than 4,200 kilometers, spanning 9 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions. The implementation of this major project will replace coal and fuel used by some industries and residents, effectively improve the atmospheric environment and improve people's quality of life.

Think about it:

What fuel does your home use? Do you know of any that you can use at home?

[Explore] With so many fuels available, what factors would you consider if you were asked to choose one of them as your home fuel?

Calorific value of fuel: It is the heat released by the complete combustion of a certain amount of fuel.

Example: Using the calorific value data of common fuels in the table, think: to boil 1Kg of water, the mass of the fuels in this table are required in descending order:

Gas>Firewood>Raw coal>Natural gas>Crude oil>Liquefied gas

2. Fossil fuels and environmental pollution

Will fuel combustion cause harm to the environment? What kind of harm will it cause? What factors are related to this?

Composition elements Combustion products

Coal, petroleum: carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, dust

hydrogen element water

Oxygen

nitrogen element nitrogen oxide

Sulfur element sulfur dioxide

What makes our environment so polluted?

1. Greenhouse effect - greenhouse gases

CH4, CO2

2. Thermal pollution-making the environment

temperature rise

3. Air pollution - SO2, NO2

cause acid rain

3. Comprehensive utilization of fossil fuels

Coal, oil, and natural gas are all important chemical raw materials that can produce a variety of valuable products. What would you think if coal, oil, and natural gas were burned only as fuel?

What kind of change is the fractionation of petroleum?

Principle: Separate according to the different boiling points of each component in crude oil;

Belongs to: physical changes.

Carbonization of coal (coking)

Coal Enhance heat/insulate air Coke + coal tar + coke oven gas

Thinking: What kind of change does the carbonization of coal belong to?

Chemical changes

Limited reserves of fossil fuels

Currently, 90% of the energy used in the world comes from fossil fuels, which took hundreds of millions of years to form and are therefore non-renewable.

From the analysis of proven reserves, the total reserves of oil, natural gas and coal on the earth are now:

Oil 1 trillion barrels; natural gas 120 trillion cubic meters;

Coal 1 trillion tons

Based on the current consumption rate of fossil fuels around the world, these energy sources will be available for human use for approximately:

Oil 45-50 years; natural gas 50-60 years; coal 200-220 years

think

The mineral resources on the earth are limited and will one day be completely consumed.

How do we solve the energy shortage problem facing humanity?

Solution:

1. Save existing energy

Save electricity; save coal;

Develop energy-saving products to reduce energy consumption;

2. Strengthen the comprehensive utilization of energy

Improve fuel combustion equipment and technology to fully burn the fuel; deeply process the fuel and then comprehensively utilize it;

3. Develop and utilize new energy

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Update Time: 2024-11-25

This template belongs to Chemistry courseware Hunan Education Edition Ninth Grade Chemistry Volume 1 industry PPT template

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