"Changes and Properties of Matter" Entering the World of Chemistry PPT Courseware 8

Description

"Changes and Properties of Matter" Entering the World of Chemistry PPT Courseware 8

【Experiment 1-1】

operate:

1. Clamp the test tube containing a small amount of water diagonally on the iron stand.

2. Carefully heat the water at the bottom of the test tube until it boils.

3. Move a clean glass piece close to the test tube mouth.

【Experiment 1-2】

Operation: Take a small amount of gall alum (also called blue alum) in a mortar, and grind the gall alum with a pestle.

1. Physical changes P7

1. Concept of physical change:

There are no changes to other substances.

Examples: Such as: ore crushing, water evaporation, gasoline volatilization, etc.

2. Characteristics: No other (new) substances are generated

3. Accompanying phenomena:

change of shape, state

2. Chemical changes: p7

1. Concept

Changes that produce other substances are called chemical changes.

chemical change also called chemical reaction

Examples: charcoal burning, iron rusting, food rotting, etc.

2. Characteristics: Other (new) substances are generated

3. Accompanying phenomena

Common phenomena: glow, heat, color change, gas release, precipitation; often accompanied by energy changes

expand;

1. What common changes in life are chemical changes?

The burning of all substances, the corrosion of metals,

Decay of food, respiration of animals and plants, photosynthesis of plants

2. Are the changes accompanied by luminescence and heat release necessarily chemical changes?

uncertain. The burning of a candle is a chemical change; the phenomenon of a light bulb emitting light and releasing heat after being energized is a physical change.

3. Is the explosion necessarily a chemical change?

uncertain.

Gunpowder explosions, gas explosions, etc. are chemical changes

Balloon explosions, boiler explosions, etc. are physical changes

practise

1. Which of the following statements is incorrect - ( )

A. Chemical changes are often accompanied by phenomena such as heat release and luminescence.

B. Chemical changes must produce other substances.

C. Chemical changes must be more severe than physical changes.

D． Physical changes occur simultaneously with chemical changes.

2. One of the following changes is different from the other three changes. This change is ( )

A. Gasoline volatilization B. Crushed ore

C. Water turns into ice D. Wood burns

3. Which of the following changes are physical changes ( )

A. Food spoilage B. Steel rust

C. Gas explosion D. Boiler explosion

2. Chemical and physical properties

1.Chemical properties

The properties that a substance exhibits during chemical changes are called chemical properties.

Such as the flammability, stability, toxicity, etc. of substances

2.Physical properties

Properties that a substance exhibits without chemical changes are called physical properties.

Such as: color, state, odor, hardness, melting point, boiling point, density, solubility, volatility, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, ductility, etc.

⑴ Melting point and boiling point (P8)

① Melting point: The melting temperature of a substance (solid changes to liquid)

For example: solid ice will melt into liquid water at 0°C, that is, the melting point of ice is 0°C.

② Boiling point: the temperature at which a liquid boils (liquid changes to gaseous state)

For example: liquid water will boil when heated to 100°C, that is, the boiling point of water is 100°C. (Boiling point decreases as atmospheric pressure decreases)

3. The difference between nature and change

Properties: properties unique to the substance itself

Change: is the process of material movement

When describing the properties of matter, terms such as "able", "difficult", "easy", "will", "can", "can", etc. are often used to express abilities or attributes.

To describe changes in matter, we often use tense expressions such as "already", "had", past tense, or present tense such as "in".

practise

1. Human life requires energy. The following energy is mainly produced by chemical changes ( )

A. The energy generated by the electric iron B. The light emitted by the electric lamp

C. Hydropower stations use electricity generated by water power D. The energy released by the combustion of liquefied petroleum gas

2. Which of the following changes in substances is a chemical change ( )

① Alcohol evaporates ② Sugar dissolves in water ③ Food rots ④ Iron ore makes iron ⑤ Car tires explode ⑥ Electric lights glow

(A)①③ (B)③④ (C)②③ (D)④⑤

3. Which of the following methods can be used to identify O2 and CO2 ( )

A. Smell b. look at color

C. Clarified limewater D. burning sticks

4. Which of the following are physical changes ( )

Which are chemical changes ( ) and which are physical properties ( )

What are chemical properties ( )

A. Patina will decompose when heated;

B. Pure water is a colorless and odorless liquid;

C. The magnesium ribbon turns into magnesium oxide after burning in the air;

D. Oxygen is not easily soluble in water and is denser than air;

E. The wooden stick broke due to force.

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Update Time: 2024-06-29

This template belongs to Chemistry courseware People's Education Press Ninth Grade Chemistry Volume 1 industry PPT template

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