"Molecules and Atoms" The Mystery of Material Composition PPT Courseware 7

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"Molecules and Atoms" The Mystery of Material Composition PPT Courseware 7

Experimental inquiry 1: Explore the microscopic composition of matter

If you look at matter from the perspective of particles, you will enter a microscopic world!

Experiment 3-2: Magenta diffuses in water

Magenta diffuses in water, faster in hot water than in cold water.

1. Matter is composed of tiny particles—molecules or atoms, etc.

2. Properties of molecules

1. The mass and volume of molecules are small

Conjectures and Assumptions:

Please think about it: What is the reason why red flag A turns red?

1. Water turns phenolphthalein red;

2. Ammonia turns phenolphthalein red;

3. Air turns phenolphthalein red;

4. The phenolphthalein dropped into Red Flag A will change color after a while, and it has nothing to do with the concentrated ammonia in the penicillin bottle;

5. The particles of concentrated ammonia in the penicillin bottle ran to red flag A, causing the phenolphthalein on red flag A to change color;

Discussion: If 100 ml of water and 100 ml of alcohol are mixed, is the resulting volume equal to 200 ml?

Conclusion: It is not equal to 200 ml, but less than 200 ml.

This is because there are gaps between molecules, and alcohol molecules and water molecules squeeze each other into the gaps.

in normal conditions:

gas molecules liquid molecules solid molecules

the interval between the interval between the interval between

The phenomenon of thermal expansion and contraction of objects is due to the fact that the distance between material molecules increases when heated and shrinks when cooled. When a substance undergoes a physical change, only the spacing between molecules changes.

The three states of matter change because of the different spacing between molecules. And the gaps between gas molecules are the largest.

The phenomenon of thermal expansion and contraction of objects is because the distance between the molecules of the substance increases when heated and shrinks when cooled.

Consolidation exercises:

(1) Why can wet clothes be dried?

(2) Why can I smell the fragrance of flowers in the distance?

(3) Why do sugar cubes gradually disappear when placed in water, but the water has a sweet taste?

(4) Why do objects expand with heat and shrink with cold?

(5) Water stored in an open container will gradually decrease at room temperature. Will it decrease faster if heated?

Application and practice

1. The following life and study experiences cannot explain that there are gaps between molecules ( )

A A pump can compress gas

B When alcohol and water are mixed, the total volume becomes smaller

C Objects expand with heat and contract with cold.

D Sponges can absorb water

2. Under the conditions of pressurization and cooling, oxygen changes from a colorless gas to a light blue liquid. The reason is ( )

A. The oxygen molecules have changed.

B． The size of the oxygen molecules changes.

C. The space between oxygen molecules becomes smaller, but the oxygen molecules themselves do not change.

D． The oxygen molecules themselves do not change, nor do the spaces between oxygen molecules.

The macroscopic difference between physical changes and chemical changes is whether new substances are generated. So what are the micro differences?

A physical change occurs in a substance made up of molecules, but the molecules of the substance themselves do not change.

A chemical change occurs in a substance made up of molecules, in which its molecules change.

What is a molecule?

Molecules are the smallest particles that maintain the chemical properties of matter.

The same kind of molecules have the same chemical properties, while different kinds of molecules have different chemical properties.

I will fill in

During the electrolysis of water, the particles that change are ______, the particles that remain unchanged are ___ and _____, and the new particles generated are ___ and ____. This experiment proves that in chemical reactions, ____ _can be subdivided, but _____ cannot be subdivided.

Fill in the following spaces:

________ is the smallest particle that maintains the chemical properties of mercury oxide. In the chemical change of thermal decomposition of mercury oxide, mercury oxide___ decomposes into mercury___ and oxygen___, among which mercury___ directly constitutes metallic mercury, two Oxygen ___ makes one oxygen ___; many oxygens make oxygen.

The relationship between matter, molecules and atoms

1. Some substances are made of molecules. For example: carbon dioxide is made up of carbon dioxide molecules.

2. Some substances are directly composed of atoms. For example: Mercury is directly composed of mercury atoms.

3. Molecules are made of atoms. For example: a water molecule is composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.

I will choose

1. Among the following statements, which one is wrong ( )

A. In chemical reactions, oxygen molecules can be divided again, but oxygen atoms cannot be divided again.

B. The chemical properties of oxygen are maintained by oxygen molecules

C. Oxygen molecules are large and oxygen atoms are small.

D. Oxygen is composed of oxygen atoms

2. Which of the following substances contains only one molecule ( )

A. Ice water B. Sugar water

C. White wine D. White vinegar

think about it

1) Can "chemical properties" be expanded to "material properties"?

2) Is the "minimum particle" the "only particle"?

3) Is the molecule divisible?

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Update Time: 2024-07-10

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