"Molecules and Atoms" The Mystery of Material Composition PPT Courseware 6

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"Molecules and Atoms" The Mystery of Material Composition PPT Courseware 6

think:

1.Why do wet clothes become dry after being left to dry for a period of time?

2. Why can I smell rapeseed oil when passing a rapeseed oil factory?

1. Matter is composed of molecules, atoms and other particles

For example: water is made of water molecules, oxygen is made of oxygen molecules, and mercury is made of mercury atoms.

Experimental Investigation 1 Molecular Movement Phenomena P49

1. Add 5-6 drops of phenolphthalein solution to a beaker containing 20 mL of distilled water, stir evenly, and observe the color of the solution.

Phenomenon The solution is colorless

Conclusion Phenolphthalein does not change color when exposed to air and water

2. Slowly add concentrated ammonia solution dropwise to the above phenolphthalein solution and observe any changes in the color of the solution.

Phenomenon The solution is red

Conclusion Ammonia can turn phenolphthalein red

2. Characteristics of molecules:

1. The mass and volume of molecules are small

2. Molecules are constantly moving. As the temperature increases, the movement of molecules accelerates.

3. There are gaps between molecules

Generally speaking, gas > liquid > solid

in normal conditions:

The phenomenon of thermal expansion and contraction of objects is due to the fact that the distance between material molecules increases when heated and shrinks when cooled.

2. Atoms

1. Characteristics (same as molecules)

(1) The mass and volume of atoms are small

(2) Atoms are constantly moving

(3) There are gaps between atoms

(4) The same kind of atoms have the same chemical properties, and different kinds of atoms have different chemical properties.

2. Definition: Atom is the smallest particle in chemical changes.

3. The essential difference between atoms and molecules: In chemical changes, molecules can be subdivided, but atoms cannot.

3. Explain from a molecular point of view (substances composed of molecules)

1. Physical changes and chemical changes

Physical changes: The molecules themselves do not change, only the distance between them changes.

Chemical change: The molecules themselves change to form new molecules.

2. Mixtures and pure substances

Mixture: Made up of different kinds of molecules.

Pure substance: composed of the same kind of molecules.

4. Summary

1. Dalton and Avogadro concluded that matter is composed of atoms and molecules, and the breakdown of molecules and the recombination of atoms are the basis of chemical changes.

2. Modern science and technology have confirmed that matter is composed of molecules, atoms, ions, etc.

3. The essence of chemical reactions: molecules split into atoms, and the atoms recombine into new molecules.

1. The beautiful scenery of the four seasons can explain the continuous movement of molecules ( )

A. In spring, catkins are flying

B. In summer, lotus flowers are fragrant

C. Autumn, colorful fallen flowers

D. In winter, snowflakes are falling

2. The following phenomena can not only show that there are gaps between molecules, but also show that molecules are constantly moving ( )

A. People smell the fragrance of flowers in the garden

B. Wet clothes are dried in the sun

C. Solid iodine turns into vapor when heated

D. The volume of air under pressure becomes smaller

3. Among the following substances, which one contains oxygen molecules ( )

A Hydrogen peroxide B Manganese dioxide C Potassium permanganate KMnO4 D Liquid oxygen

4. The fact that there is a gap between molecules cannot be explained by ( )

A. Ice melts into water when heated B. Flour mixed with sugar

C. After mixing 10ml of alcohol and water each, the volume is less than 20ml

D． A fully inflated balloon can be compressed

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Update Time: 2024-11-21

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