"Elements" The Mystery of Material Composition PPT Courseware 5

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"Elements" The Mystery of Material Composition PPT Courseware 5

The basic components of matter---elements

At present, more than 30 million types of substances have been discovered, but only more than 100 elements have been discovered.

The main components of eggshells, shells, and limestone (Figure 3-16) are calcium carbonate CaCO3. Calcium carbonate is composed of three elements: carbon, oxygen, and calcium. The compositions and properties of oxygen O2 and carbon dioxide CO2 are also different, but they All contain the oxygen element O.

They all contain oxygen atoms, and the nuclei of these oxygen atoms contain 8 protons. In chemistry, all oxygen atoms with a proton number of 8 are collectively called oxygen elements; similarly, all hydrogen atoms with a proton number of 1 are collectively called hydrogen elements.

1. Elements

1. Element is a general term for a type of atoms with the same number of protons (i.e. nuclear charge).

The difference between different elements is the number of protons (that is, the number of nuclear charges).

That is, the number of protons determines the type of element.

Elements only have macroscopic meaning (only type, not number)

practise:

The most essential difference between nitrogen and phosphorus is ( ).

(1) Number of protons

(2)Number of neutrons

(3) Number of electrons

(4) Relative atomic mass

When a substance undergoes a chemical change, the types of atoms remain unchanged and the elements do not change.

In the following chemical reactions:

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) → water (H2O) � oxygen (O2)

Sulfur (S) → oxygen (O2) → sulfur dioxide (SO2)

Have the molecules changed between the reactants and the products? Have atoms changed? Has the element changed?

Molecules, atoms, and ions have both types and numbers.

2 water molecules 2H2O 5 oxygen molecules 5O2

3 iron atoms 3Fe 4 sulfur atoms 4S

10 sodium ions 10Na+ 5 aluminum ions 5Al3+

n sulfate ions nSO42-

Statements about the composition and composition of matter

1. Matter is composed of _____

2. Matter is made of _____

3. Molecules are made of _____

4. A molecule is made of ________

Please tell me the composition and composition of the following substances: N2 H2O, etc.

When describing the composition or composition of substances, attention should be paid to correspondence.

1. **Substances are composed of **elements.

2. ** substances are composed of ** molecules or ** atoms.

3. ** molecules are composed of ** atoms.

4. A ** molecule is composed of ** ** atoms and ** ** atoms.

Are the following statements correct?

1. Water is composed of hydrogen atoms and oxygen atoms

2. Water is composed of 2 hydrogen elements and 1 oxygen element.

3. Water molecules are composed of hydrogen and oxygen elements

4. A water molecule is composed of 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom

Example: Determine whether the following statements are correct or not

1. Mercury is composed of a large number of mercury atoms ( )

2. Oxidized mercury molecules are composed of mercury atoms and oxygen atoms ( )

3. Oxygen molecules are composed of oxygen atoms ( )

4. One oxygen molecule contains two oxygen atoms ( )

5. Atom is the smallest particle ( )

6. In chemical changes, molecules can be divided into atoms ( )

1. Are the following statements correct?

(1) Water is composed of hydrogen atoms and oxygen atoms

(2) Water is composed of 2 hydrogen elements and 1 oxygen element

(3) Water molecules are composed of hydrogen and oxygen elements

(4) A water molecule is composed of 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom

2. Hydrogen peroxide H2O2 is the main component of contact lens lotion. It can be used to produce oxygen in the laboratory. Hydrogen peroxide is composed of ______ and ______. There are 2 ____ in each hydrogen peroxide molecule. _ and 2 _____. Although hydrogen peroxide and water H2O are ____ the same type in composition, they have different ______ compositions, so there is a big difference in their properties.

1. Multiple choice questions

1.Potassium chlorate contains ( )

A. Three oxygen elements B. three oxygen molecules

C. Oxygen element D. three oxygen atoms

2. Which of the following element symbols is written incorrectly ( )

A. MN (manganese) B. Cu (copper)

C. Na (sodium) D. Al (silver)

3. Which of the following element names is written correctly ( )

A. Carbon B. Green C. Mercury d. calcium

4. Which of the following substances is a compound ( )

A. water vapor b. Nitrogen

C. liquid oxygen d. mercury

5.The symbol "S" means ( )

A. Sulfur element B. sulfur nucleus

C. A sulfur element D. Atomic weight

2. Fill in the blanks

6. Please write down the element symbols you know starting with A, C, and M:

A________; C________; M________.

7. Among the six substances including phosphorus pentoxide, potassium chlorate, oxygen, carbon, air, and mercury: ______ is a pure substance; ______ is a mixture. Among these pure substances, ______ is composed of the same element, and ______ is composed of two elements.

periodic table of elements

1. Textbook pages 75-76, fill in the following blanks

①The periodic table of elements is arranged based on __________________;

②______________ is called a period, and there are ____ periods in the periodic table of elements;

③______________ is called a group, and the elements in group 0 are ________ elements.

④The number of the element is called ________, and the atomic number is determined by ________.

2. The information you can get from an element symbol picture is: (take iron as an example)

The name of the element ________; the type of the element ________; the symbol of the element ________; the relative atomic mass ________; the atomic number ________; the charge of the nucleus ________; the number of protons ________; the number of electrons in the atom ________.

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Update Time: 2024-11-06

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