"Elements" The Mystery of Material Composition PPT Courseware 4

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"Elements" The Mystery of Material Composition PPT Courseware 4

Explain how the following substances are composed?

Oxygen: oxygen atom--oxygen molecule--oxygen

Water: oxygen atoms and hydrogen atoms--water molecules--water

Carbon dioxide: oxygen atoms and carbon atoms - carbon dioxide molecules - carbon dioxide

Mercury oxide: oxygen atoms and mercury atoms--mercury oxide molecules--mercury oxide

1. Elements

(1) What are elements:

An element is a general term for a type of atoms with the same nuclear charge (i.e., the number of protons in the nucleus).

Take all the oxygen atoms with a nuclear charge of 8 (that is, a proton number of 8)

Oxygen, water, carbon dioxide, and mercury oxide all contain oxygen elements

All hydrogen atoms with a nuclear charge of 1 are collectively called hydrogen elements

All carbon atoms with a nuclear charge of 6 are collectively called carbon elements

What is the basis for determining whether two atoms are of the same element?

The nuclear charge number, i.e. the number of protons in the nucleus, is the same and the elements are the same.

The number of nuclear charges, that is, the number of protons in the nucleus, is different, and the elements are different.

2. Element symbols

Science has no national boundaries, and science is for the public. For the convenience of writing and academic communication, internationally unified symbols are used to represent various elements.

Historically, Dalton used graphics and letters as element symbols, as shown in the figure. However, as more and more elements were discovered later, the symbol design became more and more complex, making it difficult to remember and write, so it was not widely adopted.

Finally, the first letter of the Latin name of an element is uniformly used internationally to represent an element. For example, the Latin name of hydrogen is Hydrogenium, and the element symbol is written as H. The Latin name of oxygen is Oxygenium, and the element symbol is written as O.

If the first letter of the Latin name of several elements is the same, a lowercase letter is appended to distinguish them. For example, C represents carbon, Cu represents copper, Cl represents chlorine, and Ca represents calcium.

(1) Definition of element symbols:

Each element is represented by an internationally accepted symbol, which is called an element symbol.

(2) When writing element symbols, you should pay attention to:

①. Element symbols represented by one letter should be capitalized; such as: H, O, N, etc.

②. Element symbols represented by two letters, with the first letter in uppercase and the second in lowercase.

Such as: Cu, Ca, Ne, Na, Mg, Mn, etc.

Element symbol writing: "one big and two small"

Summary of this topic

1. The concept of elements

Elements are the general name for atoms of the same type with the same nuclear charge (i.e. the same number of protons).

2. Writing of element symbols

3. The meaning of element symbols

4. Periodic table of elements

Appendix 1: Classroom Exercise 1

1. Element is a general term for a type of _____ with _____.

2. There are ______ elements in both magnesium oxide and oxygen.

3.The basic difference between one element and another element is ( )

A. Atomic weight b. Number of neutrons

C. Number of protons D. Number of electrons

4. Sulfur dioxide, mercury oxide, and oxygen all contain ( )

A. Oxygen b. Oxygen atom

C. Oxygen molecules D. Oxygen

5. Sulfur dioxide is composed of sulfur ____ and oxygen ____.

1. Multiple choice questions

1. Potassium chlorate contains ( )

A. Three oxygen elements B. three oxygen molecules

C. Oxygen element D. three oxygen atoms

2. Which of the following element symbols is written incorrectly ( )

A. MN (manganese) B. Cu (copper)

C. Na (sodium) D. Al (silver)

3. Which of the following element names is written correctly ( )

A. Carbon B. Green C. Mercury d. calcium

4. Which of the following substances is a compound ( )

A. water vapor b. Nitrogen

C. liquid oxygen d. mercury

5.The symbol "S" means ( )

A. Sulfur element B. sulfur nucleus

C. A sulfur element D. Atomic weight

2. Fill in the blanks

6. Please write down the element symbols you know starting with A, C, and M:

A________; C________; M________.

7. Among the six substances including phosphorus pentoxide, potassium chlorate, oxygen, carbon, air, and mercury: ______ is a pure substance; ______ is a mixture. Among these pure substances, ______ is composed of the same element, ______ is composed of two elements, and ______ is an oxide

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Update Time: 2024-09-26

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