"Elements" The Mystery of Material Composition PPT Courseware 6

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"Elements" The Mystery of Material Composition PPT Courseware 6

1. Elements

An element is a general term for a type of atoms with the same number of protons (i.e. nuclear charge).

There are more than 30 million types of substances (in 2000)

There are more than 100 types of elements

What is the basis for determining whether two atoms are of the same element?

Number of protons (or nuclear charge)

The number of protons in the nucleus (that is, the number of nuclear charges) is the same, and they are the same element.

The number of protons in the nucleus is different, and they are different kinds of elements.

Comparison of elements and atoms

element

(1) Macroscopic concept

(2) Indicates the macroscopic composition of matter

(3) Only talk about types, not numbers.

atom

(1) Microscopic concept

(2) Indicates the microscopic composition of matter

(3) Talk about both types and numbers

interconnected

Element is a general term for a type of atoms, and atoms and elements are related to each other individually and collectively. In chemical reactions, the types of elements remain unchanged, and the types and numbers of atoms also remain unchanged.

Is your knife fast?

1. What determines the type of element is ( )

A. Number of protons B. Number of neutrons

C. Number of electrons D. Atomic mass

2. It is reported that "there are currently about 2 billion people suffering from iron deficiency anemia in the world." The "iron" here refers to ( )

A. Steel B. Iron element

C. Iron tetroxide D. Iron oxide

try again!

1. Elements are a general term for ____ of the same type of ____.

2. Carbon dioxide is composed of ____ elements and ___ elements.

3. A sulfur dioxide molecule is composed of ____ and ____________.

2. Element symbols

1. The element symbol is ______.

2. Writing principles: one big and two small!

The first letter should be uppercase and the second letter should be lowercase

3. The meaning of element symbols

(1) The element symbol represents an element;

(2) also represents an atom of this element.

Remember and be able to write the following element symbols correctly:

Hydrogen Helium Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon

H He C N O F Ne

Sodium Magnesium Aluminum Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine

Na Mg Al Si P S Cl

Argon Potassium Calcium Manganese Iron Copper Zinc

Ar K Ca Mn Fe Cu Zn

silver barium mercury gold

AgB Hg

3. Introduction to the periodic table of elements

Atomic number:

Elements are numbered in order of increasing nuclear charge, called atomic number.

Atomic number = nuclear charge = number of protons in the nucleus

The periodic table of elements has 7 horizontal rows and 18 vertical rows.

1. Grid: Look at the sample answers from the periodic table of elements:

Oxygen: Oxygen element

O: The element symbol of oxygen is O

8: The number of protons in the nucleus of the oxygen atom is 8

16.00 The relative atomic mass of the oxygen atom is 16.00

2. Line---Period:

7 horizontal rows, that is, 7 cycles

Column---Family

18 vertical rows, a total of 16 families (three vertical rows, 8, 9, and 10, together form one family)

3. Region

Purple: metallic elements

Yellow: non-metallic elements

Compliance in class:

1. The fundamental difference between elements is ( )

A. Different relative atomic masses

B. The number of protons is different

C. The number of neutrons is different

D. The number of electrons outside the nucleus is different

2. [2012·Suqian] The "iodine and calcium" in "iodized salt" and "high calcium milk" seen in daily life should be understood as ( )

A.molecule B.atom

C.Ion D.Element

3.【2012·Beijing】What determines the type of elements is ( )

A. Number of electrons outside the nucleus B. Number of neutrons

C. Number of electrons in the outermost shell D. number of protons

4.【2013•Beijing】The most abundant metal element in the earth’s crust is ( )

A. Silicon B. Oxygen C． Iron D. aluminum

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Update Time: 2024-10-02

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