"Elements" The Mystery of Material Composition PPT Courseware 7

Description

"Elements" The Mystery of Material Composition PPT Courseware 7

do you know?

Are the main components of eggshells, seashells, and limestone the same?

Their main component is calcium carbonate (CaCO3), which is composed of carbon, oxygen and calcium elements

1. Elements

Carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide are two different substances that both contain oxygen and carbon atoms in their molecules.

1. Definition: A general term for a type of atoms with the same nuclear charge (number of protons)

Explanation: Element is a macro concept. Includes three elements

(1), have the same nuclear power number

(2) The same type of atoms

(3), general name

2. The difference and connection between elements and atoms

atom

1. Particles;

2. Talk about both types and quantities;

3. Describe the composition of molecules or substances from a microscopic perspective.

element

1. It is the general term for particles;

2. Only talk about types, not numbers;

3. Describe the composition of matter from a macro perspective

connect

The concept of elements is based on atoms. The nuclear charge of an atom (that is, the number of protons in the nucleus) determines the type of element.

Example:

1. There are three ways to describe substances made up of molecules, such as water:

(1) Water is composed of two elements: hydrogen and oxygen;

(2) Water is composed of water molecules;

(3) Each water molecule is composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.

2. There are two ways to describe substances that are directly composed of atoms, such as iron:

(1) Iron is composed of iron element;

(2) Iron is composed of iron atoms.

3. There are two ways to describe substances that are directly composed of ions, such as sodium chloride:

(1) Sodium chloride is composed of two elements: sodium and chlorine;

(2) Sodium chloride is composed of sodium ions and chloride ions.

feedback exercise

1. The most abundant element in the earth’s crust is ( )

A.Silicon B.Iron C.Aluminum D.Oxygen

2. The most essential difference between different types of elements is ( ) different

A. Number of protons B. Number of neutrons C. Relative atomic mass D. Number of electrons

3. The one most closely related to the chemical properties of elements is ( )

A. Relative atomic mass of the element B. Nuclear charge of the element

C. The number of electrons outside the nucleus of an atom D. The number of electrons in the outermost shell of an atom

4. The ingredients of various minerals are marked on the natural drinking water of "XX Mountain Spring". The ingredients marked here refer to ( )

A.molecule B.atom C.element D.substance

After studying this topic, what chemistry knowledge do you know?

1. Element is a general term for a type of atoms with the same number of protons (i.e. nuclear charge).

2. When a substance undergoes a chemical change, the types of atoms and elements do not change.

3. In nature, tens of millions of substances composed of more than one hundred elements are composed of molecules, atoms or ions.

4. The chemical properties of an element are related to the electron arrangement outside the nucleus of its atoms, especially the number of electrons in the outermost shell.

5. Elements only talk about types, which are used to describe the composition of matter; atoms talk about both types and numbers. Often used to describe the makeup of molecules.

Review and consolidate

1. What are elements? What differentiates one element from another?

Element is a general term for a type of atoms with the same number of protons (i.e. nuclear charge);

The essential difference between one element and another is the number of protons.

2. What is the most abundant element in the earth’s crust? What is the most abundant metallic element?

oxygen element aluminum element

2. Element symbols

1. Element symbols

Internationally unified regulations: use the first capital letter of the element's Latin name to represent the element; if the first capital letter of the Latin name of several elements is the same, a lowercase letter is appended to distinguish it.

For example: the symbol of hydrogen is H, and the symbol of oxygen is O;

The element symbol for carbon is C, the element symbol for copper is Cu, the element symbol is Cl, and the element symbol for calcium is Ca.

2. The writing principle of element symbols: one big and two small

Note: The principle of one large and two small should be followed

3. The meaning of element symbols:

Observe the picture below and think about what the oxygen symbol provided in this picture means?

(1) The element symbol represents an element;

(2) The element symbol also represents an atom of this element.

feedback exercise

1. According to the writing principle of "one in two small" of element symbols, the correct way to write the element symbol is ( )

A.mg(magnesium) B.cE(cerium) C.MN(manganese) D.Ag(silver)

2. The periodic table of elements is an important tool for learning and researching chemistry, and it is very rich in content. What information do you think cannot be obtained directly from the periodic table of elements ( )

A. The distribution of elements in nature B. The changing rules of the properties of elements

C.Element symbol D.Atomic number of element

3. Talk about the meaning of the following symbols:

O: oxygen element or an oxygen atom

2H: 2 hydrogen atoms

After studying this lesson, what chemistry knowledge do you know?

1. Element symbols are internationally unified chemical terms used to represent elements and are an important tool for learning chemistry. When you first learn, it is necessary to memorize and write some common element symbols correctly.

2. The periodic table of elements is also an important tool for learning and researching chemistry.

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Update Time: 2024-06-23

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