"Newton's First Law of Motion" Newton's Laws of Motion PPT teaching courseware

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"Newton's First Law of Motion" Newton's Laws of Motion PPT teaching courseware

Part 1: Essential knowledge and foundation of literacy

1. The relationship between force and motion

1. Aristotle’s point of view: Force is the reason why _____ objects move. It is believed that objects will _____ only if there is a strong force, and objects will _______ if there is no force.

2. Galileo designed the ideal inclined plane experiment:

(1) Phenomenon: When the ball rolls down from a certain height on the left along a smooth slope, regardless of the slope of the right slope, it will rise along the slope to _____ with the landing point.

(2) Conclusion: Force is not the cause of the movement of _____ objects, but the cause of the state of motion of _____ objects.

3. The relationship between force and motion: Force can _____ the motion state of an object.

2. Newton’s first law of motion and its significance

1. Content: All objects always remain in the state of _____________ or _____ unless there is an external force forcing it to _____________.

2. The meaning of Newton’s first law:

(1) Qualitatively explains the relationship between force and motion.

①Explains the state of motion of an object when there is no external force: _____ or _____________.

②Explain why force is _______________.

(2) It reveals an inherent property that all objects have - _____, so Newton's first law is also called _____ law.

3. Among the following situations, the change in motion state (speed) is _______.

①The direction of the speed remains unchanged, only the magnitude changes.

②The magnitude of the speed remains unchanged, only the direction changes.

③The magnitude and direction of the speed change at the same time.

3. Inertia and mass

1. Inertia: The _______________ attribute that an object has.

2. Among the following statements about inertia, the correct one is ___________.

①Inertia is an inherent property of objects, and all objects have inertia.

②Mass is the only measure of inertia. The greater the mass, the greater the inertia.

③Inertia is a kind of force, so we can say "received by inertia", "produced inertia", and "received by inertial force".

④Inertia is what maintains the state of motion of objects.

⑤When the object is not subject to force, its inertia shows that it maintains its original state of motion.

⑥When an object is subjected to force, inertia is expressed as the difficulty of changing the speed. The greater the mass, the harder it is to change the speed.

⑦The higher the speed, the harder it is to stop the car, which means the higher the speed, the greater the inertia.

⑧Inertia can be overcome.

Newton's First Law of Motion PPT, Part 2: Key Abilities·Quality Formation

1. Galileo’s Ideal Experiment

1. Ideal experiment:

(1) Operation process: Let the ball roll down from a certain height on the left side along the smooth slope.

(2) Experimental phenomenon: No matter what the slope of the right slope is, it will rise along the slope to a place that is almost the same height as the starting point.

(3) Experimental conclusion: The smaller the inclination angle of the inclined plane, the farther the ball travels to reach the same height. When the inclination angle of the inclined plane gradually decreases to 0, the right side becomes a horizontal plane, and the ball will try to reach the point that it can never reach. High and keep moving.

2. The significance of Galileo’s ideal experiment:

(1) Research method: Galileo’s ideal experiment combined reliable facts and theoretical reasoning, that is, using the method of “reliable facts + abstract thinking + scientific reasoning” to overturn Aristotle’s views and initially reveal the relationship between motion and force. correct relationship.

(2) Historical significance: For the first time, the status of physical experiments in physics was established.

[Typical example demonstration]

The picture shown is Galileo's "ideal experiment". According to this experiment, the following statement is correct ()

A. This experiment is an ideal experiment and was conducted in thinking. It has no real experimental basis, so its results are not credible.

B. This experiment fully confirms Aristotle's "force is what maintains the motion of objects"

C. This experiment shows that the motion of an object does not require force to maintain

D. With the advancement of science and technology, this experiment can verify

[Analysis] Choose C. This is a combination of reliable facts and scientific reasoning to obtain results under ideal conditions. Although it cannot be completed in reality, the conclusion is still credible. Error A; this experiment illustrates that objects will maintain a constant speed when not affected by external forces. Linear motion, that is, the movement of an object does not require force to maintain, B is wrong, C is correct; this experiment is an ideal experiment and cannot really exist, D is wrong.

【Motif question】

1. The meaning of the ideal inclined plane experiment in [Typical Example] is ()

(scientific inquiry)

A. Proves that force is not what maintains the motion of objects

B. Prove that force is what maintains the motion of objects

C. Prove that the ball can always roll to the same height on the other slope

D. Prove that the ball can always move in a straight line with uniform speed on the horizontal plane

2. In the experiment of [Typical Example Demonstration], his design steps are as follows:

Ⅰ. Two butt inclined planes, let the stationary ball roll down one inclined plane, and the ball will roll up the other inclined plane;

Ⅱ. Reduce the inclination angle of the second inclined plane, and the ball still has to reach its original height on this inclined plane;

Ⅲ. If there is no friction, the ball will rise to the original height when it was released;

IV. Continue to reduce the inclination angle of the second inclined plane until it becomes a horizontal plane. The ball should continue to move at a constant speed along the horizontal plane.

【Compensation training】

1. When learning Newton's first law, we did the experiment as shown in the figure. Which of the following statements is correct ()

A. During each experiment, the car can start to slide down from rest from different positions on the slope.

B. Experiments show that the smaller the friction force on the car, the closer the car moves.

C. The moving car in the experiment will stop, indicating that force can change the motion state of an object.

D. Based on the experimental phenomena of A, B, and C, Newton’s first law can be directly derived

[Analysis] Choose C. In the experiment, it is required to start sliding down from the same position on the slope from rest. This can ensure that the speed of the car reaching the bottom of the slope is equal. It cannot start from different positions on the slope and start sliding down, so A is wrong. The experiment shows that: the friction force on the car The smaller the value, the farther the car moves, so B is wrong; the moving car in the experiment will stop under the action of friction, and its state of motion changes, indicating that force can change the state of motion of the object, so C is correct; contact The smoother the surface, the slower the speed of the car decreases. From this, it can be concluded that if the friction force is equal to 0, the car may move in a straight line at a uniform speed. Therefore, Newton's first law is summarized based on further reasoning based on experiments. It cannot be directly derived from these three experiments, so D is wrong.

2. The following is an excerpt from an article in an American newspaper from the last century: While the Apollo moon landing rocket was flying away from the earth and flying to the moon, the astronauts talked via radio with their son Tom, who was in elementary school at home. Astronaut: "Tom, we have turned off all the engines on the rocket and are flying towards the moon." Tom: "You have turned off all the engines, so what force does it use to push the rocket forward?" The astronaut hesitated. After a long while, he said: "I think Galileo is probably pushing the rocket forward." If the gravity of the celestial body on the rocket is not taken into account, from the above materials, it can be seen that the following statement is wrong ()

A. The physical idea reflected in Tom's question is "force is what maintains the motion of objects."

B. The physical idea reflected in the astronaut’s answer is “force is what maintains the motion of objects.”

C. The physical idea reflected in the astronaut’s answer is “The movement of objects does not require force to maintain it.”

D. The real meaning of the astronaut’s answer is that the rocket is flying by inertia

2. Newton’s first law and its significance

Comprehensive understanding of Newton’s first law:

(1) Everything: Explain that Newton's first law applies to any object without scope restrictions.

(2) There is no external force, indicating that the conditions for the establishment of the law include two situations: ① The object is not affected by any force, an ideal state;

②The net external force on the object is zero.

(3) Total: means that the result is certain under the established conditions, without exceptions.

(4) Or: It means that two states must be in one of them, which means choice. They cannot exist at the same time. The object can only be in one of the two states.

(5) The law reveals the rules:

①The object itself has the property of maintaining its original state of motion, and the absence of force is one of the reasons why it maintains its original state of motion;

② To change the motion state of an object, a force must act on the object;

③The function of force is not to maintain motion, but to change the state of motion.

(6) It cannot be proved experimentally and can only be obtained through scientific reasoning based on experiments.

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Update Time: 2024-07-07

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