"Into the Laboratory" into the physics PPT courseware

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"Into the Laboratory" into the physics PPT courseware

1. The meaning of measurement

Human feelings are sometimes unreliable.

2. International System of Units

think? Legend has it that a fat man and a thin man each used their own waist circumference as a standard to measure the length of the same piece of cloth. They quarreled with each other because of the different results. What does this mean?

Unit: The standard quantity used for comparison when measuring a certain physical quantity is called a unit.

International System of Units: The International Organization for Weights and Measures has developed a set of internationally unified units called the International System of Units.

3. Measurement of length

1. Unit of length

International principal unit: meter Symbol: m

Commonly used units and symbols:

Kilometers, decimeters, centimeters, millimeters, microns, nanometers

km dm cm mm μm nm

Unit conversion format

500m=_______μm

42cm=_______nm

500m=500×106μm=5×108μm

42cm=42×106nm=4.2×107nm

2. Length measurement tools: scale, tape measure, tape measure, spiral micrometer, vernier caliper, etc.

Commonly used tools: scale

4. Measurement of time

1. Time unit

In the International System of Units, the basic unit of time is ________.

Other common units of time are:

Minutes (min)

Hours (h)

Unit conversion

1h=________ min = _______ s

2. Measuring tools and their use

5. Error

Error: The difference between a measured value and the true value.

Sources of error: measuring tools and measuring people

Error: The difference between a measurement and its true value caused by incorrect or careless measurement.

The difference between errors and errors: Errors cannot be avoided, they can only be reduced, and errors can be avoided.

Methods to reduce errors:

(1) Use precision measuring tools

(2) Improve measurement methods

(3) Take the average of multiple measurements

6. Special method of measuring length

think? How to measure the thickness of a piece of paper? The diameter of the iron wire, the diameter of the table tennis ball, and the length of the railway line from Shanghai to Beijing on the map communicated with the students to determine their own plans.

1. Measure more and calculate less (cumulative method)

2. Mutual cooperation method (suitable for measuring the diameter of circles and cylinders and the height of cones)

3. Measure shorter curves by converting curves into straight lines (substitution method), such as the length of a railway line on an atlas

1. Which of the following lengths is closest to 18cm ( )

A. The height of a general ink bottle

B. The diameter of the ballpoint pen refill

C. Width of desk top

D. Physics textbook width

2. Measure the thickness of a coin. In order to reduce the error, the best method to reduce the reading error is ( )

A. Carefully measure the thickness of the coin using the scale

B. Use the scale to measure multiple times and find the average.

C. Use a scale to measure the total thickness of 10 coins stacked up, and then divide it by 10 to find the thickness of one coin.

D. The scale measures the thickness of 10 coins respectively and then finds the average value.

3. When using a scale to measure the length of an object, which of the following requirements is incorrect ( )

A. When measuring, the scale cannot be skewed.

B. When measuring, you must start from the left end of the scale.

C. When reading, the line of sight should be perpendicular to the scale.

D. When recording measurement results, the unit must be indicated after the number.

Learn to use a stopwatch

Get a stopwatch and watch carefully:

1. The time represented by the movement of the pointer on the large dial for one revolution is ______, and the graduation value of the large dial is ______.

2. The time represented by the movement of the pointer on the small dial for one revolution is ______, and the graduation value of the small dial is ______.

3. Carry a biological clock with you

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For more information about the "Into Physics and Into the Laboratory" PPT courseware, please click on the Into Physics ppt and Into the Laboratory ppt tag.

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Update Time: 2024-11-22

This template belongs to Physics courseware Lu Jiao edition eighth grade physics volume 1 industry PPT template

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