"Scientific Exploration: Specific Heat Capacity of Matter" Internal Energy and Heat Engine PPT Courseware 2

"Scientific Exploration: Specific Heat Capacity of Matter" Internal Energy and Heat Engine PPT Courseware 2

1. Explore the laws of heat absorption or release of substances

Using water and kerosene as the research objects, put _______ water and kerosene into two containers respectively, heat them with _______ electric heater, and use _______ to measure the temperature value that increases after the liquid _______ heat. It can be concluded from experimental phenomena: Different substances of the same mass, when the same temperature is raised, the heat absorbed is _______.

_______ was used in this experiment.

2. Specific heat capacity of substance

1. Definition: Physics stipulates: The heat absorbed (or released) per ________1°C of the temperature of a ________ substance is the ________ of the substance, and the symbol is "________".

2. Unit: ________.

3. The specific heat capacity of water is ________, and the physical meaning is: the heat of ________ (or ________) of 1 kg of water temperature ________ (or ________) 1 ℃ is ________.

It can be seen from the specific heat capacity table that water has the largest specific heat capacity, so people often use water to ________ for engines and hot water to ________.

4. Specific heat capacity is a characteristic of a substance. The specific heat capacity of the same substance is ________, and the specific heat capacity of different substances is generally ________.

5. Calculation formula: ________.

1.Specific heat capacity

(1) Specific heat capacity is a physical quantity that compares the different heat absorption capabilities of different substances with the same mass when they rise to the same temperature. Specific heat capacity is one of the characteristics of the substance, which is determined by the substance itself.

(2) Specific heat capacity is defined by mass, increased temperature and heat. However, for the same substance, the specific heat capacity does not change with the mass, temperature, and absorbed (or released) heat of the substance. Each substance is of the same substance. The specific heat capacity is determined under the state, but when the state of the substance changes, the specific heat capacity changes.

[Example 1] Two identical containers are filled with two liquids A and B of the same mass. Heating separately using the same heat source, the relationship between liquid temperature and heating time is as shown in the figure ()

A. The specific heat capacity of liquid A is greater than the specific heat capacity of liquid B.

B. If the temperature is raised to the same level, the two liquids absorb the same amount of heat.

C. When heated for the same time, the heat absorbed by liquid A is greater than the heat absorbed by liquid B.

D. When heated for the same time, the temperature of liquid A rises more than that of liquid B.

Tips: This question is a physical image analysis question. It mainly examines the relationship between the amount of heat absorbed by an object and the specific heat capacity, mass and temperature change of the substance. When answering, pay attention to the application of the controlled variable method.

2.Calculation formula of heat

(1) Endothermic formula: Q absorption=cm(t-t0)

In the formula, c represents the specific heat capacity of the substance, m represents the mass of the object, t0 represents the original initial temperature of the object, t represents the final temperature after endothermy, "t-t0" represents the increase in temperature, sometimes Δt rise = t-t0 means that the heat absorption formula at this time can be written as: Q absorption = cm·Δt liter.

(2) Heat release formula: Q release = cm (t0-t)

In the formula, the meanings of c, m, and t0 remain unchanged, t represents the final temperature after heat release, "t0-t" represents the decrease in temperature, and sometimes can be expressed by Δt drop = t0-t. At this time, the heat release formula can be written as: Q Put = cm·Δt drop.

(3) General formula for heat calculation: Q=cmΔt

Δt represents the change in temperature.

It can be seen that the amount of heat absorbed or released by an object is determined by the product of the mass of the object, the specific heat capacity of the material and the change in temperature of the object, and has nothing to do with the temperature of the object.

The units of each physical quantity in the Q absorption and Q discharge formulas: the unit of specific heat capacity c is J/(kg·℃), the unit of mass m is kg, the unit of temperature (t or t0 or Δt) is ℃ (degrees Celsius), the unit of heat Q The unit is J. Pay attention to the unity of the units when calculating.

Knowledge point 1 Specific heat capacity

1. Regarding specific heat capacity, which of the following statements is correct ()

A. The specific heat capacity of an object is related to the heat absorbed or released by the object

B. The specific heat capacity of an object is related to the temperature of the object

C. The specific heat capacity of an object is related to the mass of the object

D. The specific heat capacity of an object is a characteristic of the object and has nothing to do with temperature or mass.

2. Water has a large specific heat capacity. Which of the following methods does not take advantage of this characteristic? ()

A. Sprinkling water on the indoor floor feels cool in hot summer

B. Use water as coolant for internal combustion engines

C. When cultivating rice seedlings, water the rice fields at night

D. The heating system uses hot water as the medium

3. When raising rice seedlings in early spring in rural areas, the farmer's uncle drains the water in the rice fields in the morning, so that the temperature of the rice fields rises as quickly as possible due to sunlight. At night, the rice fields need to be filled with water to keep them warm, which is conducive to the growth of the rice seedlings. This is the use of water. The larger principle of _______.

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