"The Relationship between Fluid Pressure and Flow Velocity" Pressure PPT courseware 8

Description

"The Relationship between Fluid Pressure and Flow Velocity" Pressure PPT courseware 8

learning target

1. Understand the relationship between fluid pressure and flow velocity, and how the lift of an airplane is generated.

2. Explore the relationship between fluid pressure and flow velocity through experiments, and cultivate students’ preliminary analysis and generalization abilities.

3. Use the relationship between fluid pressure and flow velocity to explain relevant phenomena in life, and cultivate students’ awareness of applying science and technology to daily life and social practice.

who caused the accident

In the autumn of 1912, the "Olympic", one of the largest ocean-going ships in the world at that time, was sailing on the sea. 100 meters away from it, there was a much smaller ironclad cruiser "Hawker" speeding parallel to it. Suddenly, something unexpected happened. The small cruiser seemed to be attracted by an invisible huge force. It automatically turned the bow and no longer obeyed the helmsman's control. It rushed towards the "Olympic", and as a result, the "Olympic" "The side of the boat hit a big hole.

Who caused this accident? Is the "attraction" between the two ships magnetic? Or is it the unknowable "magic"?

1. Fluid: a general term for liquids and gases

Fluids have pressure when they are not flowing, and liquids and gases in a flowing state also have pressure.

Ask a question:

What is the relationship between fluid pressure and flow rate?

Conjecture 1: The flow speed is small, the pressure is small; the flow speed is high, the pressure is strong

Conjecture 2: The flow speed is small, the pressure is strong; the flow speed is high, the pressure is small

Explore: The relationship between gas pressure and flow rate

When P1=P2, the ball does not move

When P1>P2, the ball moves and both balls move towards the middle.

Inquiry activities

What will you notice when you blow into two pieces of paper held parallel to each other? Why?

Phenomenon: Two pieces of paper are sucked together

Reason: When blowing, the air inside the paper strip flows quickly and the pressure becomes smaller. The air outside the paper strip flows slowly and the pressure becomes larger. The two paper strips are sucked together.

Conclusions can be drawn from the above three experiments:

The pressure of gas is low where the flow velocity is high, and the pressure is high where the flow velocity is low.

Explore: The relationship between liquid pressure and flow rate

Where the liquid flow rate is high, the pressure is low; where the liquid flow rate is low, the pressure is high.

2. The relationship between fluid pressure and flow rate:

The pressure of fluid is low where the flow velocity is high, and the pressure is high where the flow velocity is low.

Navigation rules stipulate that two ships cannot sail in the same direction at close range

If ships sailing at high speed get too close, the flow speed on the inside of the two ships _____ the flow speed on the outside, so the pressure on the inside _____ the pressure on the outside. Under the action of _________ force on the hulls, a collision accident will occur.

3. Generation of aircraft lift

Exploration activities:

Put a piece of paper under your lips with both hands, let the other end hang down naturally, and blow horizontally along the top of the paper. What will happen to the paper in your hand?

Phenomenon: The paper will float upwards

Reason: When blowing, the air flow rate above the paper strip is large and the pressure is low, while the air flow rate below is small and the pressure is high. The pressure difference "lifts" the paper strip.

4. Examples of the relationship between fluid pressure and flow velocity in daily life

"The wind lifts the roof"

When the wind blows from the roof, if the doors and windows of the house are closed, the wind speed flowing through the roof is fast and the pressure is small; the air flow speed inside the house is slow and the pressure is strong.

How can disasters be prevented or reduced?

When there is strong wind, we should open the doors and windows so that the wind speed inside the house and on the roof are basically the same.

Class exercises

1. When waiting for a vehicle on the subway or train station platform, passengers are required to leave the platform for more than one meter. The main reason is ( )

A. The wind was too strong when the vehicle came over

B． When vehicles come, they bring a lot of flying dust

C. Vehicles drive through the platform at high speeds, which accelerates the air flow, making it easy for people to "suck" into the vehicles, causing danger

D． Vehicles drive past the platform at high speeds, which accelerates the air flow between people and vehicles and can easily blow people down.

2. Autumn leaves fall on the road. When a high-speed car passes by, the leaves on the roadside ( )

A. Suction toward the car from the roadside B. Fly from the middle of the road to the side of the road

C. Not affectedD. only fly upward

3． When a large ship passed very close to a small wooden boat at a very high speed, the small boat ( )

A. It is easy to be pushed away from the ship by the air currents and waves of the ship

B． It is easy to be "sucked" towards the big ship and thus collide with the big ship.

C. The distance between the small wooden boat and the big boat remains unchanged

D． All of the above are possible

Class summary

1. Fluid: a general term for liquids and gases

2. The relationship between fluid pressure and flow rate: The pressure of fluid is small where the flow rate is high, and the pressure is strong where the flow rate is low.

3. Generation of aircraft lift: The pressure difference between the upper and lower parts of the wing creates upward lift.

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Update Time: 2024-06-09

This template belongs to Physics courseware Shanghai Science Edition 8th Grade Physics industry PPT template

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