"Internal Energy" Mechanical energy, internal energy and their transformation PPT courseware 5

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"Internal Energy" Mechanical energy, internal energy and their transformation PPT courseware 5

Pre-class presentation

1. Contents of molecular kinetic theory:

2. What is diffusion? Name two diffusion phenomena

3. What does the aroma of wine not afraid of deep alleys mean, and what phenomenon does it belong to?

4. What is kinetic energy? Size is related to what factors?

5. Why does an object have gravitational potential energy? What are the influencing factors?

6. Two water droplets come together to form one big drop. What does that mean?

Pour half a cup of hot water into half a cup of cold water and it becomes a cup of warm water. This is because the hot water loses an energy and the cold water gains an energy. From the perspective that objects are composed of molecules, this is a What form of energy is it?

①The moving basketball has kinetic energy

What about the moving molecules?

Conclusion: Moving molecules also have kinetic energy.

②The stone and the earth attract each other and have potential energy

Do molecules that attract each other also have potential energy?

Conclusion: Molecules that attract each other also have potential energy

③ Each part of the compressed spring repels each other and has potential energy.

Discussion: Is there potential energy between molecules that repel each other?

Conclusion: Molecules that repel each other also have potential energy.

1. Definition of internal energy

The sum of the kinetic energy and molecular potential energy of all molecules inside an object that move randomly is called the internal energy of the object.

2. The relationship between internal energy and temperature

The higher the temperature

The irregular motion of molecules becomes more intense

The more irregular the molecules move, the more violent the

The greater the kinetic energy of the molecules.

The sum of the kinetic energy of all the molecules that make up the object increases

The internal energy of the object also increases

3. Two ways to change internal energy

Thinking: What factors are related to the size of internal energy?

Conclusion: The amount of internal energy is related to the temperature of the object.

Thinking: What are some ways to change the temperature of an object?

1. Heat transfer (endothermic or exothermic)

2. Work. (Friction heat generation, compressed gas work, etc.)

Reinforcement exercises:

1. The ways to change the internal energy of an object are ________ and ________.

2. The sum of ______________ and ______________ inside an object is called the internal energy of the object. As the temperature of an object increases, _________ must increase, so the internal energy of this object _________.

3. In winter, if you breathe into your hands with your mouth, your hands will warm. This is to increase the internal energy of your hands in a _________ way, and its essence is that the internal energy is between objects. Friction of your hands can also warm your hands. , this is to use ________ method to increase the internal energy of the hand. In this process, ________ energy is converted into internal energy.

4. When using a pump to pump air, the wall of the pump will heat up after a while. Why is this?

When inflating, the piston does work by compressing the air, which increases the internal energy of the air in the cylinder and increases the temperature; the work done by overcoming the friction between the piston and the cylinder wall also increases the internal energy of the cylinder wall, so the cylinder wall heats up.

5. Which of the following examples illustrates how work changes the internal energy of an object?

A. Use a hot water bottle to keep warm

B. Rub your hands together to warm them

C. Breathe into your hands with your mouth to warm your hands

D. Put your hands next to the fire to keep warm

summary:

1.Definition of internal energy

The sum of the _________ of random movement of all molecules inside an object and the _________ of molecular interactions is called the internal energy of the object.

2. Methods of changing internal energy

A. Heat transfer. B. Work

3. A measure of how much internal energy changes

A. Heat Transfer Measured by the amount of heat transferred

B. Work is measured by the amount of work done.

4. Heat transfer and work change are equivalent to changing the internal energy of an object.

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Update Time: 2024-09-30

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