"Charge" Simple Circuit PPT Courseware 3

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"Charge" Simple Circuit PPT Courseware 3

Small experiment:

1. Rub the plastic ruler, penholder and hair, then get close to the scraps of paper and observe the phenomenon.

2. Use a plastic comb to comb your hair and observe the phenomenon.

1. Charge

Objects have the property of attracting light and small objects

We say that objects are "charged" or charged.

1. Frictional electrification:

The phenomenon of electrifying objects by friction is the phenomenon of triboelectricity.

The charge on the _______ that has been rubbed by silk is called positive charge;

The charge on _______ that has been rubbed by fur is called negative charge.

A large number of facts have made people realize that there are only two kinds of electric charges in nature, _____ electric charge and _____ electric charge.

2. The interaction between two charges

Like charges repel each other,

Different charges attract each other.

1. Use a glass rod rubbed with silk to get close to the light ball. If the ball is attracted, the ball is ( )

A. Must be positively charged B. Must be negatively charged

C. Definitely not charged. D. May be negatively charged, or may not be charged.

2. Use silk thread to hang three grass balls. If any two of them are attracted to each other when they are close, they may be ( )

A. Two are positively charged and one is negatively charged.

B. Two are negatively charged and one is positively charged.

C. Two are positively charged and one is uncharged.

D. Two are charged with different types of electricity, and one is uncharged.

3. Electroscope

Function: 1. An electroscope is an instrument used to test whether an object is charged. 2. The size of the opening angle of the metal foil can determine the amount of charge it carries.

Principle: Like charges repel each other.

2. Structure of atoms Elemental charge

Molecules and atoms are very small. A line of 100 million oxygen atoms is only a few centimeters long.

In 1897, British scientist Thomson (1856-1940) discovered electrons, negatively charged particles much smaller than atoms, and revealed the secret of the structure of atoms.

Element charge People call the minimum charge element charge, which is often represented by the symbol e. e=1.6×10-19C

Under normal circumstances, the number of positive charges carried by the nucleus is equal to the total number of negative charges carried by all electrons outside the nucleus. The entire atom is neutral, that is, the atom does not appear to be charged to the outside.

3. Directional movement of charges between conductors.

Charges can move directionally in metal rods, and metals are conductive.

Objects that are good at conducting electricity are called conductors

Such as: metal, human body, salt water, solution, etc.

Objects that are not good at conducting electricity are called insulators

Such as: rubber, glass, plastic, ceramics, etc.

Summary of this lesson

1. Charge

1. If a rubbed object can attract light and small objects, it means that the object is charged. This phenomenon is called frictional electrification.

2.Interaction between charges

Like charges repel each other and dissimilar charges attract each other

3. Electroscope Function: Check whether an object is charged Principle: Same charges repel each other

4. Charge quantity The amount of charge is called charge quantity. Unit: Coulomb (C)

2. Nucleus element charge People call the minimum charge element charge, which is commonly represented by the symbol e. e=1.6×10-19 C

3. Directional movement of charge in a conductor

practise

1. How does the phenomenon of frictional electrification occur? Make your guess based on what you have learned (learned about electric charges).

Answer: When objects made of different materials rub against each other, the atomic nuclei of different materials have different binding abilities to extranuclear electrons. Those with weak binding abilities to extranuclear electrons will lose electrons and become positively charged. Another object is charged with the same amount of negative electricity due to the same number of electrons. Frictional electrification is the transfer of electrons.

2. When a charged scrap of paper is brought close to a glass rod rubbed with silk, they repel each other. What charge does this piece of paper have?

Answer: The glass rod rubbed with silk has a positive charge. Like charges repel each other, so the paper has a positive charge.

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Update Time: 2024-10-01

This template belongs to Physics courseware Beijing Normal University Ninth Grade Physics Volume 1 industry PPT template

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