"Rocket" mechanical energy, internal energy and their transformation PPT courseware

Description

"Rocket" mechanical energy, internal energy and their transformation PPT courseware

learning target

Understand how rockets work and are constructed

1. The principle of rocket

Rockets use jet engines. Its fuel is burned in the combustion chamber to produce high-temperature, high-pressure gas. This gas is ejected from the tail at an extremely high speed, and at the same time generates a large reaction force to push the fuselage forward. Since it does not require transmission devices like pistons and crankshafts, it reduces energy loss and greatly increases the flight speed of the fuselage.

2. Classification of jet engines

Jet engines are divided into air jet engines and rocket jet engines. The former only carries fuel. It needs to use outside air to support combustion, and its flying altitude is subject to certain restrictions. The latter contains fuel and oxidizer itself and does not need to rely on outside air to support combustion. Therefore, the flight altitude is not restricted.

3. Liquid fuel rocket

Most modern rockets use liquid fuel. Liquid fuel rockets are mainly composed of fuel tanks, oxidizer tanks, delivery devices, combustion chambers and tail nozzles.

The delivery system delivers fuel and oxidant into the combustion chamber on time and in quantity. It is initially ignited by an electric spark to produce high-temperature and high-pressure gas. Then the fuel and oxidant entering the combustion chamber can burn themselves because the temperature in the combustion chamber is already high. The gas produced by combustion is ejected from the nozzle at a high speed, and at the same time it produces a large recoil thrust on the rocket, making the rocket move forward.

4. Characteristics of modern rockets

Modern rockets are characterized by huge power, which can not only fly at high altitudes, but also fly out of the atmosphere. Multi-stage rockets can be used as vehicles for interstellar shipping.

Practice in class

1. The advantages of using multi-stage rockets in the use of rockets are ( )

A. Increase the total mass of the rocket.

B. Make the rocket larger and increase thrust.

C. For the sake of beauty and elegance.

D. In order to remove the useless empty shell of the next stage rocket when the first stage rocket fuel is used up, so that the total mass of the rocket is reduced and the flight speed is accelerated.

2. When the rocket takes off from the ground and accelerates upward ( )

A. Mechanical energy decreases and internal energy increases. B. Mechanical energy increases and internal energy decreases.

C. Both mechanical energy and internal energy increase. D. Mechanical energy remains unchanged and internal energy increases.

What did you learn from this lesson?

1. Principle of jet engine:

The fuel burns during combustion, producing high-temperature and high-pressure gas, which is ejected from the tail nozzle at high speed, generating a large reaction force and pushing the fuselage forward.

2. Classification of jet engines:

Air jet engine: It only carries fuel, requires external air for combustion, and its flight altitude is limited.

Rocket jet engine: carries fuel and oxidizer, does not require external air for combustion, and has unlimited flight altitude.

3. The main components of liquid rocket:

Fuel tank Oxidizer tank Delivery device Combustion chamber Tail nozzle

4. Characteristics of modern rockets: huge power.

5. Conversion of energy in the rocket: The chemical energy of the fuel is converted into internal energy when burned, and when the rocket is propelled to do work, the internal energy is converted into mechanical energy.

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For more information about the PPT courseware "Rocket Mechanical Energy Internal Energy and Its Transformation", please click on the Rocket PPT Mechanical Energy Internal Energy and Its Transformation ppt tag.

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Update Time: 2024-09-29

This template belongs to Physics courseware Beijing Normal University Ninth Grade Physics Volume 1 industry PPT template

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