"Changes in the State of Matter - Temperature" PPT courseware on states of matter and their changes

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"Changes in the State of Matter - Temperature" PPT courseware on states of matter and their changes

[Experience 1] Physical state and changes in physical state

Activity: Review the knowledge about states of matter in primary school textbooks

(1) Water has three states, which are liquid ________, solid ________ and gaseous ________.

Tips: water ice water vapor

(2) Understand the different states of matter that are common around us. Solid substances ________, liquid substances ________, gaseous substances ________.

Tips: Metal Oil Air

【Experience 2】Understand the temperature

Activity 1: Feel the temperature

As shown in Figure A, first put both hands into hot water and cold water respectively. After a while, put both hands into warm water at the same time and feel the temperature of the water.

Activity 2: Review the basic knowledge about temperature learned in primary school

(1) In activity 1, the left hand feels _________ and the right hand feels _________.

(2) The commonly used temperature unit in my country: _________, symbol: _________.

Tips: (1) Hot and cold (2) Degrees Celsius

pre-study questions

1. What are the three common states of matter? What are changes in the state of matter?

2. What is temperature? What is the manufacturing principle of common liquid thermometers?

How are 3.0℃ and 100℃ defined?

4. What points should be paid attention to when using a thermometer?

Explore 1 Changes in physical state

Combining "Experience 1" and the content of the corresponding sections, think about the following questions:

1. When substances exist in solid, liquid, and gaseous states, what are the characteristics of each?

Tip: You can compare the shape and volume of substances.

Reference answer: Solid substances have a certain shape and volume; liquid substances have no fixed shape, but have a certain volume; gaseous substances do not have a fixed shape, nor a certain volume.

2. There are the following 6 substances: iron, milk, crystal, liquor, mercury, and biscuits. They can be divided into two categories:

One category includes _____________, characterized by _____________;

Another category includes _____________, which are characterized by _____________.

Tip: Substances are classified according to different classification standards. They can be classified according to solids, liquids, gases, whether they are edible, metals, non-metals, etc. Classification according to the state of existence of substances: one type is iron, crystal, and biscuits, and the common characteristic is solid; the other type is milk, liquor, and mercury, and the common characteristic is liquid.

Reference answer: iron, crystal, biscuit solid milk, liquor, mercury liquid

Exploration 2 Understanding Thermometers

Combine "Experiences 2 and 3" with your operation process of using a thermometer to measure the temperature of an object, and think about the following questions:

1. According to "Experience 2", is it reliable to judge the temperature of an object by feeling? How to judge accurately?

Tip: The temperature (hot or cold degree) of the warm water is the same, but the feeling of the two hands is different, which shows that judging by feeling is unreliable. In order to accurately judge the hot or cold degree of an object, we introduce temperature and measure it with a thermometer.

Reference answer: Unreliable Use a thermometer to measure the temperature

Knowledge summary

1. Physical state and its changes

1. Three states of matter

Solid state has a certain shape and volume

Liquid has no fixed shape, but has a certain volume

Gaseous state has no fixed shape or volume

2. Under certain conditions, the state of existence of matter can occur _____.

3. Change of state of matter: The process in which matter changes from _________ to ___________.

2. Temperature and its measurement

1. Temperature - the _________ of an object.

2. Thermometer

(1) Function: Measuring the _____ of an object.

(2) Principle: Made according to the laws of liquid ________.

(3) Celsius temperature regulations

①Set the temperature of ___________ at standard atmospheric pressure as 0℃.

②Set the temperature of _____ under standard atmospheric pressure as 100℃.

③ Divide into 100 equal parts between 0℃ and 100℃, each equal part represents ____.

1. Which of the following phenomena is not a change in physical state ()

A. Wet clothes become dry

B. The red-hot iron becomes cold

C. The moth balls that have been stored for a long time have become smaller.

D. The snow falling in your hands turned into water

[Analysis] Choose B. In item A, the wet clothes become dry because the water changes from liquid to gas and escapes. In item B, only the temperature of iron decreases, but its state does not change, so B does not belong to a change in physical state. In item C, the change of the mothballs from solid to gas is a change in physical state. In item D, the snowflakes turning into water change from solid to liquid, which is a change of physical state.

Comparing ice at 2.0°C with water at 0°C ()

A. Water at 0°C is colder

B. Ice at 0°C is colder

C. Water at 0°C has the same degree of heat as ice at 0°C

D. The two states are different and the degree of hot and cold cannot be compared.

[Analysis] Choose C. Temperature is a physical quantity that expresses the degree of hotness and coldness of an object. If the temperature is the same, the degree of hotness and coldness will be the same, regardless of the state of the object, so choose C.

3. The reading of the thermometer is "-8℃". The correct reading below is ()

A. Minus 8 degrees Celsius B. Minus 8 degrees Celsius

C. Minus 8 degrees Celsius D. Minus 8 degrees Celsius

[Analysis] Choose C. This question examines the representation of Celsius temperature. The unit of Celsius temperature, "°C", is read as "degrees" and cannot be separated, nor can it be read as "degrees" as people call it daily. "-8℃" has two ways of reading, it can be read as "minus 8 degrees Celsius" or "minus 8 degrees Celsius".

Careless nurse Xiao Wang only disinfected one thermometer and then used it to measure the temperatures of several patients. The results showed that they were all 39°C, but some patients did not have fever. What could be the reason? What harm might Xiao Wang do?

[Students’ own answers]

The thermometer is broken. Xiao Wang's doing this can easily lead to misdiagnosis and medical accidents.

[Teacher Comments]

① It is worthy of recognition to know the harm caused by measurement errors.

②The student’s understanding of the structure of the thermometer is flawed and he does not know the function of the “shrink”.

【correct answer】

Because there is a very thin tube between the glass bulb and the straight glass tube of the thermometer. Its function is that when the thermometer leaves the human body, the mercury in the tube is disconnected. Before use, the thermometer is not shaken down hard, so the mercury in the tube is It cannot be returned to the glass bubble. The display may indicate that the temperature of the patient in front is 39°C. This may easily lead to misdiagnosis and medical accidents.

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Update Time: 2024-11-22

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