"Internal Energy" PPT courseware

Description

"Internal Energy" PPT courseware

Internal energy

What is kinetic energy? What factors are related to the magnitude of kinetic energy?

What is potential energy? What factors are related to the magnitude of potential energy?

What is mechanical energy?

Which of the following statements about internal energy is correct ( )

A. Objects below 0°C have no internal energy

B． An object at rest has no internal energy

C. Internal energy and mechanical energy are the same form of energy

D. Internal energy is related to the temperature of an object

change in internal energy of an object

heat transfer:

1. Definition: It is the process by which heat is transferred from a high-temperature object to a low-temperature object, or from a high-temperature part of an object to a low-temperature part.

2. Condition: As long as there is a temperature difference between objects or between different parts of the same object, heat transfer will occur and will continue until the temperatures are the same.

3. Direction: high temperature to low temperature.

4. Essence: Using heat transfer to change the internal energy of an object means that part of the internal energy of one object is transferred to another object, or the internal energy is transferred from the high-temperature part of the same object to the low-temperature part. (internal energy transfer process)

5. Three ways of heat transfer: conduction, convection and radiation.

There are two ways to change the internal energy of an object by doing work:

1: When work is done on an object, the energy inside the object increases:

(1) Overcome friction and perform work

(2) Compressed air does work

2: The object does work on the outside, and the internal energy of the object decreases: the gas expands and does work on the outside.

There are two ways to change the internal energy of an object: work and heat transfer

Work and heat transfer are equivalent in changing the internal energy of an object.

the difference is:

Heat transfer is the transfer of internal energy, while work is the conversion of mechanical energy and internal energy.

Summary of this section

1. Internal energy: the sum of the kinetic energy of thermal motion and molecular potential energy of all molecules inside an object

Characteristics of internal energy:

1. Objects at any temperature have internal energy

2. The higher the temperature of an object, the greater its internal energy.

2. Methods of changing the internal energy of an object:

Heat transfer Heat: how much internal energy is transferred

acting

1. Overcoming friction to perform work and increase internal energy

2. When the outside world does work on the object, the internal energy increases.

3. When an object does work on the outside world, its internal energy decreases.

practise

Regarding internal energy, the correct statement in the following example is ( )

A. The internal energy of an object increases because it must have absorbed heat.

B. The internal energy of an object increases because the outside world must have done work on it.

C. For the same object, the higher the temperature, the greater its internal energy.

D. As the mechanical energy of an object increases, its internal energy must increase.

In the following example, the internal energy is changed by heat transfer ( )

A. Extraterrestrial rocks fall into the Earth’s atmosphere and become meteors

B. The temperature of cold eggs increases when soaked in hot water.

C. Rub your hands together and your palms will become warm.

D. When sawing wood, the saw blade becomes hot to the touch.

When using a pump to pump air, the wall of the pump will heat up after a while. Why is this?

When inflating, the piston compresses the air to do work, which increases the internal energy of the air in the cylinder and increases the temperature;

Overcoming the friction between the piston and the cylinder wall to perform work also increases the energy inside the cylinder wall.

So the cylinder wall will heat up.

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Update Time: 2024-11-22

This template belongs to Physics courseware People's Education Edition Ninth Grade Physics Complete Book industry PPT template

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