"Two Charges" Current and Circuit PPT Courseware 4

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"Two Charges" Current and Circuit PPT Courseware 4

1. Frictional electrification

1. If an object has the property of attracting light and small objects, we say that the object is charged or charged.

2. Frictional electrification: Using friction to electrify an object is called frictional electrification.

3. An electrified object is called a charged object and has the property of attracting light and small objects.

How many types of charges exist in nature? How do people know this fact? What are the laws of interaction between charges?

Experiment: Rub a glass rod against silk and approach another charged glass rod to observe the phenomenon.

2. Interaction between charges

A large number of facts make people realize that there are only two kinds of electric charges in nature.

The charge on the glass rod rubbed by silk is called positive charge;

The charge on the rubber rod rubbed by the fur is called negative charge.

Like charges repel each other, unlike charges attract each other

The amount of charge an object carries is called charge, or charge for short. The unit of charge is Coulomb, referred to as Coulomb, symbol C.

1. Use a glass rod rubbed with silk to approach the charged ball a. If a is attracted, then a is ( )

A. Positively charged B. Negatively charged

C. Not charged D. Unable to judge

2. After using a rubber rod rubbed with fur to attract small paper scraps, the paper scraps fly away quickly. This is because ( )

A. Paper scraps are not electrically charged, so they cannot be attracted by the rubber rod and fly away.

B. The mass of paper scraps is too small and cannot be charged.

C. Paper scraps are positively charged, and like charges repel each other, so they fly away.

D. Paper scraps are negatively charged. Same charges repel each other, so they fly away.

3. Electroscope

1. Structure: metal ball, metal foil, metal rod

2. Function: Check whether the object is charged.

3. Principle: Similar charges repel each other. And the greater the charge, the greater the opening angle of the metal foil.

4. Testing method: Let the object touch the metal ball of the electroscope. If the metal foil opens, it means that the object is charged.

Summary: Methods to check whether an object is charged:

1. Use an electroscope to check.

2. Can it attract light and small objects.

3. The nature of the interaction between charges.

When a glass rod rubbed with silk is brought into contact with an uncharged electroscope, it is found that the metal foil of the electroscope opens, which can indicate ( )

A. The charge moves from the electroscope to the glass rod

B. The charge moves from the glass rod to the electroscope

C. The charge does not move at all

D. Unable to judge

Consolidate what you have learned:

1. If an object has the property of _______, we say that the object has ____; or it has ____.

2. The charged object is called ____, and it has the property of ________.

3. There are only positive and negative ____ charges in nature. The charge on a glass rod rubbed with silk is called ____ charge; the charge on a rubber rod rubbed with fur is called ____ charge.

training

1. The amount of electric charge is called ____. The instrument commonly used in laboratories to test whether objects are charged is called ____. It is made by using the principle that the same type of charges ____ each other.

2. Rub the glass rod with silk, and the glass rod will be positively charged. Rub the rubber rod with fur, and the rubber rod will be negatively charged. If the rubbed fur and silk are brought close to each other, a ____ phenomenon will occur. (attract or repel)

3. Gas station regulations: "It is strictly prohibited to use plastic barrels to fill gasoline." The reason for this regulation is ()

A. Plastic and gasoline will undergo chemical changes, causing the gasoline to deteriorate.

B. Gasoline will corrode plastic and cause oil leakage.

C. The constant friction between gasoline and the wall of the plastic barrel causes the plastic barrel to become charged and generate spark discharge, igniting the gasoline and causing a fire.

D. The constant friction between gasoline and the plastic barrel wall makes the plastic barrel electrified. People touching the outer shell of the barrel may cause electric shock.

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Update Time: 2024-09-03

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