"Nuclear Energy" Energy and Sustainable Development PPT Courseware 5

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"Nuclear Energy" Energy and Sustainable Development PPT Courseware 5

nuclear energy

Nuclear energy (or atomic energy) is the energy released from the nucleus of an atom by converting its mass, in accordance with Albert Einstein's equation E=mc², where E=energy, m=mass, and c=the speed of light constant. Nuclear energy is released through one of three nuclear reactions: 1. Nuclear fission, opening up the binding force of atomic nuclei. 2. Nuclear fusion, the fusion of atomic particles together. 3. Nuclear decay, natural, much slower form of fission.

A brief history

Nuclear energy is a great discovery in human history, which is inseparable from the exploration and discoveries of early Western scientists, who laid the foundation for the application of nuclear energy. At the end of the 19th century, British physicist Thomson discovered the electron.

In 1895, German physicist Röntgen discovered X-rays.

In 1896 French physicist Becquerel discovered radioactivity.

In 1898, Marie and Mr. Curie discovered the new radioactive element polonium.

In 1902, Marie Curie discovered the radioactive element radium after four years of hard work.

Nuclear power generation

A method of generating electricity using the heat energy released by nuclear fission in a nuclear reactor. It is very similar to thermal power generation. Just use nuclear reactors and steam generators to replace thermal power boilers, and use nuclear fission energy to replace the chemical energy of fossil fuels. Except for boiling water reactors (see light water reactors), other types of power reactors use the coolant in the primary loop to heat the reactor core, transfer the heat to the water in the secondary or tertiary loops in the steam generator, and then form steam to push the steam. Wheel generator. In a boiling water reactor, the coolant in the primary circuit is heated through the reactor core and turned into supersaturated steam with a pressure of about 70 atmospheres. After the steam and water are separated and dried, it directly drives the turbine generator. Nuclear power generation uses the heat generated by the nuclear fission chain reaction of uranium fuel to heat water to high temperature and high pressure, and uses the generated water vapor to drive a steam turbine and drive a generator. The heat released by nuclear reactions is much higher than the energy released by burning fossil fuels (the difference is about a million times). In comparison, the volume of fuel required is much smaller than that of thermal power plants. The purity of uranium-235 used in nuclear power generation is only about 3%-4%, and the rest is uranium-238 that cannot produce nuclear fission.

principle

The energy of nuclear power generation comes from the fission energy released by the fission reaction of fissile materials (nuclear fuel) in the nuclear reactor. Fission reaction refers to the process in which heavy elements such as uranium-235, nuclear plutonium-239, and uranium-233 split into two fragments under the action of neutrons, releasing neutrons and a large amount of energy at the same time. During the reaction, the nucleus of a fissile substance absorbs a neutron and then fission releases two or three neutrons. If these neutrons are removed and consumed, at least one neutron can cause the fission of another atomic nucleus, allowing the fission to proceed self-sustaining, then this reaction is called a chain fission reaction. Realizing chain reaction is the prerequisite for nuclear power generation.

advantage

1. Nuclear power generation does not emit huge amounts of pollutants into the atmosphere like fossil fuel power generation, so nuclear power generation does not cause air pollution.

2. Nuclear power generation does not produce carbon dioxide that aggravates the earth's greenhouse effect.

3. The uranium fuel used in nuclear power generation has no other uses for the time being except power generation.

4. The energy density of nuclear fuel is millions of times higher than that of fossil fuels. Therefore, the fuel used in nuclear power plants is small and easy to transport and store. A 1,000-megawatt nuclear power plant only requires 30 metric tons of uranium fuel per year. The flight can complete the delivery.

5. Fuel costs account for a lower proportion of the cost of nuclear power generation. The cost of nuclear power generation is less susceptible to the impact of international economic conditions, so the cost of power generation is more stable than other power generation methods.

shortcoming

1. Nuclear power plants produce high- and low-level radioactive waste, or used nuclear fuel. Although the volume is small, it contains radioactive rays, so it must be handled carefully and face considerable political troubles.

2. Nuclear power plants have low thermal efficiency and therefore emit more waste heat to the environment than ordinary fossil fuel power plants. Therefore, nuclear power plants cause more serious thermal pollution.

3. The investment cost of nuclear power plants is too high, and the financial risks of power companies are high.

4. Nuclear power plants are less suitable for on-load operation during peak and off-peak periods.

5. The construction of nuclear power plants is more likely to cause political disagreements and disputes.

6. There is a large amount of radioactive material in the reactor of a nuclear power plant. If it is released to the outside environment in an accident, it will cause harm to the ecology and people.

Nuclear energy development value

Nuclear energy, commonly known as atomic energy, is the energy released when the nucleons in the nucleus - neutrons or protons - are redistributed and combined. Nuclear energy is divided into two categories: one is called fission energy and the other is called fusion energy.

Nuclear energy is extremely powerful. The energy released by the complete fission of 1 kilogram of uranium nuclei is approximately equal to the chemical energy released when 2,700 tons of standard coal is burned. A 1 million kilowatt nuclear power plant requires only 25 to 30 tons of low-concentration uranium nuclear fuel every year, and only 10 trucks are needed to transport this nuclear fuel; while a coal power plant with the same power requires more than 3 million tons of raw coal every year to transport this coal. Want 1,000 trains. The energy released by nuclear fusion reactions is even greater. It is estimated that 1 kilogram of coal can only enable a train to travel 8 meters; one kilogram of fissile material can enable a train to travel 40,000 kilometers.

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"Nuclear Energy" PPT courseware:

"Nuclear Energy" PPT courseware Part One: Nuclear Energy The energy released during the change of atomic nuclei. There are two ways to obtain nuclear energy: 1. Fission. A process in which a heavier atomic nucleus splits into two new nuclei under neutron bombardment and releases energy. 2..

"Nuclear Energy" PPT:

"Nuclear Energy" PPT Part One Content: Learning Objectives 1. Master the two ways to obtain nuclear energy. 2. View the peaceful use of nuclear energy from the perspective of dialectical materialism. 3. Understand the development history, current situation and prospects of my country's nuclear energy, and cultivate students' patriotic sentiments. ... ... ..

"Nuclear Energy" Energy and Sustainable Development PPT Courseware 4:

"Nuclear Energy" Energy and Sustainable Development PPT Courseware 4 Review Questions 1. What is the nucleus composed of? It is composed of protons and neutrons. 2. If there are no electrons in the nucleus, how can electrons be released? It turns out that the electrons released from the nucleus are caused by some kind of...

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Update Time: 2024-11-20

This template belongs to Physics courseware Lu Jiao Edition Ninth Grade Physics Volume 2 industry PPT template

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