"Energy and Sustainable Development" PPT Courseware 4

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"Energy and Sustainable Development" PPT Courseware 4

Directionality of energy transfer and energy transformation

Example: During the heat transfer process, heat can only be spontaneously transferred from a high-temperature object to a low-temperature object, not the other way around. If you want heat to flow from a low-temperature object to a high-temperature object, you need to consume other forms of energy. For example, refrigerators consume electricity.

The transfer of energy is directional.

Classification of energy

1. Classification according to its formation and origin:

(1) Energy from solar radiation, such as: solar energy, coal, oil, natural gas, hydro energy, wind energy, biomass, etc.

(2) Energy from the interior of the earth, such as nuclear energy and geothermal energy.

(3) Gravitational energy of celestial bodies, such as tidal energy.

For example: When a car brakes, due to friction, kinetic energy is converted into the internal energy of the tires, ground and air. This consumed energy can no longer drive the car automatically.

The energy conversion process is directional.

Energy and sustainable development

Energy classification

Non-renewable energy: energy that cannot be replenished from nature in the short term, such as fossil energy, nuclear energy, etc.

Renewable energy: Energy that can be continuously obtained in nature, such as wind energy, water energy, solar energy, etc.

Additional Reading: World Energy Reserves and Demand

More than 90% of the world's energy consumption now is non-renewable energy. Among them: oil accounts for about 40%, coal accounts for about 30%, and natural gas accounts for about 20%.

According to current energy consumption, the world's biofossil energy sources such as oil, natural gas and coal will gradually be exhausted within a few decades to 200 years.

Problems in energy utilization and corresponding countermeasures

Problems in energy utilization mainly include the following three aspects:

1. Traditional energy sources such as coal, oil and natural gas are gradually depleted due to continuous exploitation, commonly known as the "energy crisis".

2. The massive emissions of sulfides, carbon oxides and dust during energy utilization cause damage to the environment and ecology.

3. Energy shortage or energy supply interruption caused by emergencies.

Development and utilization of other new energy sources

Wind energy The continuous innovation of wind energy utilization technology has made this abundant and pollution-free energy shine again. It is estimated that within 20 to 30 years, wind power will account for about 30% of the European Community's total electricity in the country.

Hydrogen energy Hydrogen is one of the most abundant elements in the universe, and endless amounts of hydrogen can be extracted. Hydrogen is easy to transport, does not pollute the environment when used as fuel, and is light in weight. It has many advantages. Russia's attempt to use hydrogen as a fuel for the "Tu-155" aircraft has initially achieved success, and various countries are also actively testing the use of hydrogen as a fuel for automobiles. Hydrogen is undoubtedly one of the energy sources that humans will prioritize utilizing in the future.

Wave energy The main form of development is ocean tidal power generation. In the mid-1980s, Norway successfully built a small tidal power station, which allows high tide seawater to rush into a storage tank with a certain height, and the water in the tank overflows to generate electricity. The single tidal power station that is already being designed can generate enough electricity for a city with a population of 300,000.

Keywords: Energy and Sustainable Development Teaching Courseware, New People's Education Edition Ninth Grade Physics PPT Courseware, Ninth Grade Physics Slide Courseware Download, Energy and Sustainable Development PPT Courseware Download, .ppt format

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Update Time: 2024-10-11

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