"Self-Comprehensive Evaluation" Utilization of Internal Energy PPT

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"Self-Comprehensive Evaluation" Utilization of Internal Energy PPT

Contents of the first part: 1. Multiple choice questions (3 points each, 33 points in total)

1. Which of the following statements about calorific value is correct ()

A. The more fully the fuel is burned, the greater its calorific value is.

B． The complete combustion of 2 kg of coal has a greater calorific value than the complete combustion of 1 kg of coal.

C. When 1 kg of coal is burned, it releases 3×105 J of heat, so the calorific value of coal is 3×105 J/kg.

D. The calorific value is an attribute of fuel and has nothing to do with the quality of the fuel. Different substances generally have different calorific values.

2. After half of a glass of alcohol is poured out, the amount of alcohol remaining ()

A. Calorific value and specific heat capacity remain unchanged

B． The calorific value is halved and the specific heat capacity remains unchanged.

C. Calorific value and specific heat capacity are both halved

D. The calorific value remains unchanged and the specific heat capacity is halved.

3. Which of the following statements about heat engines is incorrect ()

A. The working process of a heat engine is the process of converting the internal energy obtained by burning fuel into mechanical energy.

B． In order to prevent the heat engine from overheating, water is usually used to cool down, which takes advantage of the large specific heat capacity of water.

C. The efficiency of the heat engine can be increased by increasing the power of the heat engine

D. Extensive use of heat engines will cause environmental pollution

4. Regarding the efficiency of heat engines, which of the following statements is correct ()

A. The more useful work a heat engine does, the higher its efficiency must be

B． The power of the heat engine is high, and the efficiency must be high.

C. If a heat engine consumes less fuel per unit time, the efficiency of the heat engine must be high.

D. The greater the ratio of the useful work done by the heat engine to the heat released by complete combustion of the fuel, the higher the efficiency of the heat engine.

5. The engines of modern cars are generally four-stroke internal combustion engines. The four strokes are shown in Figure 14-Z-1. The stroke that enables the car to gain power is ()

6. The working process of a four-stroke gasoline engine can be summarized as follows: ① High-temperature, high-pressure gas expands to do work, converting part of the internal energy into mechanical energy; ② Fuel combustion converts chemical energy into internal energy; ③ The temperature of the working material decreases, and the internal energy decreases. Arrange in correct order as ()

A. ①③② B． ②①③ C. ③①② D. ②③①

7. For the four pictures shown in Figure 14-Z-2, which of the following statements is correct ()

A. When the cork flies out in Figure A, the internal energy of the water vapor in the tube increases.

B． In Figure B, the two compressed lead blocks can lift the hook code, mainly because of the gravitational force between the molecules.

C. In Figure C, the piston moves upward, which is the power stroke of the internal combustion engine.

D. When the child in Tuding slides down, the internal energy is converted into mechanical energy

8. There are two fuels A and B. The mass of A is twice that of B. The ratio of the heat released after complete combustion of A and B is 3:2. Then the ratio of the calorific value of the two fuels A and B is ()

A. 3:4

B． 4:3

C. 2:3

D. 3:2

9. The flywheel speed of a single-cylinder four-stroke gasoline engine is 1800 r/min. This gasoline engine rotates () per second

A. Complete 120 strokes and perform work 30 times

B． Complete 60 strokes and work 15 times

C. Complete 30 strokes and work 15 times

D. Complete 60 strokes and perform work 30 times

10. Regarding energy and the conversion between energies, which of the following statements is correct ()

A. Volcanoes have internal energy, icebergs do not.

B． As the rocket accelerates upward, its mechanical energy remains unchanged.

C. Dams raise the water level and increase the gravitational potential energy of the water

D. When a falling meteorite flashes a bright light in the sky, its internal energy is converted into mechanical energy

Comprehensive self-evaluation PPT, part 2 content: 2. Fill-in-the-blank questions (1 point for each blank, 13 points in total)

12. A gasoline engine is a type of heat engine. When gasoline is burned in the cylinder, ________ energy is converted into ________ energy. Figure 14-Z-3 shows a schematic diagram of the working state of a four-stroke gasoline engine.

It can be seen from the figure that it is in the ________ stroke at this time.

13. When a car brakes suddenly, the friction between the tires and the ground often produces smoke, leaving long black marks on the road. During this process, ________ energy is converted into ________ energy.

14. Rockets often use liquid hydrogen as fuel to provide power because liquid hydrogen has a relatively large ________. When a rocket lifts off, it converts ________ energy into ________ energy.

15． The efficiency of a certain diesel engine is 40%. When this diesel engine is working, 2 kg of diesel can be completely burned to do useful work____________J. (The calorific value of diesel is 3.3×107 J/kg)

16． Our country consumes tens of millions of barrels of crude oil every year to make plastic bags. It is known that the calorific value of crude oil is 4.4×107 J/kg. Complete combustion of 1 kg of crude oil can release ____________J heat. If 42% of this heat is absorbed by water, the temperature of ________kg water at room temperature can rise by 20°C. [cWater=4.2×103 J/(kg·℃)]

17． Various forms of energy can be converted into each other under certain conditions. Please complete the table according to the examples in the table.

Comprehensive self-evaluation PPT, the third part: 3. Experimental inquiry questions (28 points in total)

18. (8 points) As shown in Figure 14-Z-4, the devices in Figures A, B, and C are exactly the same. The mass of the fuel is 10 g, and the mass of the liquid in the beaker is also the same.

(1) In order to compare the calorific value of different fuels, the two graphs of __________ should be selected for the experiment; to compare the specific heat capacities of different substances, the two graphs of __________ should be selected for the experiment.

(2) The specific heat capacity of water is 4.2×103 J/(kg·℃), and its physical meaning is __________________________________________________.

(3) The calorific value of alcohol is 3.0×107 J/kg. The heat released by complete combustion of 10 g of alcohol is ________J.

19. (20 points) Firewood, coke, charcoal, etc. are all commonly used fuels. When they are completely burned with different qualities, the data shown in the following table are obtained:

(1) From the analysis of the data in the table, it can be concluded that the heat released by complete combustion of different fuels of the same mass is ________; for the same fuel, the greater the mass, the greater the heat released by complete combustion of the same fuel.

(2) It can also be seen from the data in the table that for the same fuel, the ratio of ________ and ________ is constant. This constant ratio reflects a property of the fuel itself. In physics, It is called ________, which is a physical quantity used to describe the ability of fuel to release heat when it is completely burned.

(3) The heat released by the complete combustion of 0.01 m3 of natural gas is ________J; if this heat is completely used to heat water, the temperature of ________kg water can be increased by 10°C; the actual natural gas burned to heat the water is much more than the above , the reason is that when a gas stove is used to boil water, in addition to the heat absorbed by the water, part of the heat is transferred to the container holding the water, and the other part of the heat is transferred to __________ (one answer is enough). [q Natural gas = 4.2×107 J/m3, c Water = 4.2×103 J/(kg·℃)]

(4) In the process of boiling water, people are concerned about how much of the heat released by burning natural gas is absorbed by water. In order to measure the proportion of heat absorbed by water to the heat released by complete combustion of natural gas, _______ is introduced in physics _ to describe, we always hope that its value is as ________ as possible.

Comprehensive self-evaluation PPT, part 4 content: 4. Calculation questions (26 points in total)

20. (12 points) Classmate Wang Dagang and his family had a picnic in the countryside and used charcoal to boil water. There is 5 kg of water in the iron pot. The water is heated from 18 ℃ to 98 ℃. It is known that the specific heat capacity of water is 4.2×103 J/(kg·℃). If the calorific value of charcoal is 3.4×107 J/kg, 10% of the heat released by burning charcoal is absorbed by water. beg:

(1)The heat absorbed by water during this process.

(2) How much charcoal is used in the process.

twenty one. (14 points) The piston of a gasoline engine undergoes four strokes in each working cycle, driving the crankshaft to rotate twice. A gasoline engine has a piston area of ​​50 cm2 and a piston stroke of 25 cm. The average pressure generated by the gas during the power stroke is 8×105 Pa. If the speed of the flywheel is 2000 r/min and the efficiency is 30%, find: (The heat of the gasoline Value is 4.6×107 J/kg)

(1) What is the average pressure of gas on the piston during the power stroke.

(2) How much work is done by the average pressure during the power stroke.

(3) How much gasoline does the gasoline engine consume in 1 hour?

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Update Time: 2024-07-02

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