"The Floating and Sinking Conditions and Applications of Objects" Buoyancy PPT Courseware 3

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"The Floating and Sinking Conditions and Applications of Objects" Buoyancy PPT Courseware 3

Knowledge review:

1. Contents of Archimedes’ principle:

2. Calculation method of buoyancy:

①Weighing method F float = G object —F pull

②The calculation formula of Archimedes’ principle: F float = ρ liquid gV discharge

3. Causes of buoyancy:

The liquid creates a pressure difference between the upper and lower surfaces of the object.

Immersion: that is, "immersion" includes complete immersion and partial immersion

Immersion: The object is completely submerged in the liquid, and the entire object is below the liquid surface

Floating: part of the volume of an object is submerged at the liquid surface

Suspension: The object is below the liquid surface, completely submerged, and can be anywhere below the liquid surface.

Floating: The object is accelerating upward and may be completely or partially submerged. The final state is floating.

Sinking: The object is accelerating downward. It may be completely immersed or partially immersed. The final state is sinking to the bottom of the water.

Application of floating and sinking conditions

1.Ship

Working principle: The object floats on the water.

By making hollow steel that is denser than water, its average density is reduced, while more water is displaced and the available buoyancy is increased.

Ships are floating bodies in rivers and seas, so they experience the same buoyancy force, which is equal to the ship's own gravity. According to Archimedes' principle, its immersed volume in sea water is smaller than that in river water.

Characteristics of floating objects

An object floats in a liquid, and the force of F floating = G object

The same object floating in different liquids will suffer the same F.

The same object floats in different liquids, and the V row is smaller in the denser liquid.

The volume of a floating object immersed in the liquid is a fraction of its total volume, and the ρ object is a fraction of the ρ liquid.

To immerse all floating objects in the liquid, a vertical downward external force is required equal to the increased pressure of the liquid on the object.

2. Submarine

Working principle: The submarine floats, sinks and levitates by changing its own gravity.

The change in the submarine's dead weight depends on how much water is filled or released into the tank.

3. Hot air balloon

The nozzle is ignited and heated, the air in the bag is heated and expands, the volume of the displaced gas increases, and the buoyancy increases. When the buoyancy is greater than gravity, the balloon rises.

When the nozzle flame goes out, the air in the bag cools and its volume decreases, the volume of the displaced gas decreases, the buoyancy decreases, the buoyancy is less than gravity, and the balloon descends.

practise

1. After putting a wooden ball into the water to a certain depth by hand, release your hand and the wooden ball will float up. When the wooden ball does not emerge from the water, which of the following statements is correct ( )

A. The gravity and buoyancy force on the wooden ball remain unchanged;

B． The gravity on the wooden ball remains unchanged and the buoyancy becomes greater;

C. The gravity and buoyancy force on the wooden ball become smaller;

D． The gravity on the wooden ball remains unchanged and the buoyancy gradually becomes smaller.

2. Three small balls A, B, and C with the same volume are put into the water. Three situations will appear as shown in the figure. Which of the following statements about the buoyancy force on the three small balls is correct ( )

A: Ball A floats on the water and experiences the greatest buoyancy.

B: Ball C sinks to the bottom and experiences zero buoyancy.

C The buoyant force on ball A is equal to the buoyant force on ball B.

The buoyant force on ball D is equal to the buoyant force on ball C.

3. A solid iron ball is immersed in water, alcohol, and mercury respectively. The one that experiences the greatest buoyancy is ( )

A. Water B. Alcohol

C. Mercury D. Unable to determine

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Update Time: 2024-11-20

This template belongs to Physics courseware People's Education Edition Physics for Grade 8, Volume 2 industry PPT template

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