"Measuring the Density of Matter" Mass and Density PPT Courseware 3

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"Measuring the Density of Matter" Mass and Density PPT Courseware 3

1. A graduated cylinder is an instrument for measuring the volume of liquids

2. Volume units and their conversions

Unit: meter 3 (m3), decimeter 3 (dm3), centimeter 3 (cm3), liter (L), milliliter (mL)

Conversion: 1m3 = 103 dm3 = 106 cm3 1L = 1 dm3 1 mL = 1 cm3

3. Scale on the measuring cylinder

Maximum measurement value: commonly used 100 mL, 200 mL

Graduation: 1 mL, 2 mL, 5 mL

4. Reading method of measuring cylinder

First, place the measuring cylinder on a horizontal table and use the measuring cylinder to measure the volume of the liquid. The liquid surface in the measuring cylinder is concave. When reading, the line of sight should be level with the lowest point of the concave liquid surface. If the liquid level in the measuring cylinder is convex (such as mercury), the line of sight should be level with the highest point of the convex liquid level when reading.

1. Experimental principles and experimental equipment for measuring density

(1) Experimental principle

(2) Measuring tools: balance, measuring cylinder, scale

(3) Measurement objects: stones, salt water, measuring cylinder, balance and weights

2. Measuring the density of substances with regular shapes

Experimental steps:

(1) Use an adjusted balance to measure the mass m of the stone;

(2) Use a scale to measure the length a, width b, and height c of the metal block;

(3) Calculate the volume of the metal block V = a b c;

(4) Calculate the density of the stone according to the formula ρ=m/v.

3. Measure the density of solids

Experiment: Determine the density of paraffin, which has a density less than water

Method 1: Sinking method (counterweight method)

Equipment: balance, measuring cylinder, water, metal block, paraffin

① Use a balance to weigh the mass m of the paraffin block

② Pour an appropriate amount of water into the measuring cylinder, tie the paraffin and metal block on the thin line, first sink the metal block into the water and measure the total volume V1 of the metal block and water.

③ Submerge the paraffin above into the water and measure the total volume V2 of water, metal block and paraffin. The difference between the two readings is V = V2 - V1

④ Calculate the density of paraffin wax according to the formula ρ=m/v

4. Measure the density of liquid

Experimental discussion:

In the experiment of "measuring the density of salt water using a balance and a measuring cylinder", students A and B each proposed a plan.

Plan A: First use a balance to measure the mass of the empty beaker, then put some salt water into the beaker, measure their total mass, and then pour the salt water into the measuring cylinder to measure the volume of the salt water.

Plan B: First use a balance to measure the total mass of the beaker and brine, then pour part of the brine into the graduated cylinder, measure the volume of the brine, and then measure the mass of the remaining brine and the beaker.

Whose solution do you think is better? Please explain why.

1. To measure the density of an object, you need to measure its ____ and ____, and then calculate its density according to the formula ____. Mass can be measured with ____, and the volume of liquids and irregularly shaped solids can be measured with ____ or ____.

2. When observing the height reached by the liquid in the measuring cylinder or measuring cup, the line of sight should be ____ with the liquid level. If the liquid level is concave, the observation should be based on _______.

3. When measuring the density of salt water in the experiment, in addition to the salt water, the equipment required is ____, ____, and ____. The data directly measured in the experiment are _______, ______, and _______, and the measurement result is ____.

4. The following are the measuring ranges and graduation values ​​of different measuring cylinders. If Xiao Ming wants to measure 100g of alcohol with a density of 0.8g/cm3 at one time, he should choose ( )

A. 50mL, 5 mL B. 100 mL, 2 mL

C. 250 mL, 5 mL D. 400 mL, 10 mL

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Update Time: 2024-06-29

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