"Unit Error-Prone Strengthening Training" Physical State Change PPT

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"Unit Error-Prone Strengthening Training" Physical State Change PPT

Common mistake point 1: Not knowing the principle and reading of the thermometer

1. The weather was hot. Zhang Yang was doing homework at home and sweating profusely. He looked up and saw the thermometer hanging on the wall as shown in the picture. The room temperature at that time was 36℃. So he turned on the electric fan and immediately felt much cooler. At this time, he looked at the thermometer and found that the reading remained unchanged (optional "increase", "unchange" or "decrease").

2. Most thermometers in use today are made based on the thermal expansion and contraction properties of liquids, but the world's first Galilean gas thermometer was made based on the thermal expansion and contraction properties of gases. As shown in the figure, the spherical container is filled with air, and the tank below contains an appropriate amount of water. One day, it is found that the liquid level in the thin tube rises from position A to position B, which indicates the temperature (B)

A.increase B.decrease

C. Unchanged D. Unable to determine

Common mistake point 2: Failure to correctly grasp the changes in physical states and their absorption and release of heat

3. A classmate took out a popsicle from the freezer compartment of the refrigerator. He put the popsicle into a teacup. After a while, some small water droplets gradually appeared on the outer wall of the teacup, as if the teacup was "sweating". This is Because the temperature of the tea cup drops after putting the popsicles in it, the water vapor in the surrounding air liquefies when cooled (fill in the name of the change in the state of matter), forming small water droplets that adhere to the outer wall of the tea cup.

4. As shown in the figure, two identical cooking pots contain the same amount of water, and both are boiling at this time. It is known that the intensity of the fire and the humidity of the air in the room are the same. According to the picture, it can be judged that the temperature of room A is lower than (optional "higher", "lower" or "equal to") the temperature of room B.

Common error point 3: Failure to correctly distinguish between crystals and amorphous

5. Regarding crystals and amorphous, which of the following statements is correct (B)

A. The temperatures of both crystals and amorphous substances increase during the melting process.

B. Crystals have a definite melting point, while amorphous crystals do not have a definite melting point.

C. Crystals absorb heat when melting, while amorphous crystals do not absorb heat when melting.

D. When the crystal is at the melting point temperature, its state should be solid or liquid

6. As shown in Figure A, set up two sets of identical heating devices. The test tubes of the two sets of devices are respectively filled with a small amount of equal volumes of M solid and N solid. Their heating time-temperature change curves are as shown in Figure B. , the M substance melts from solid to liquid within 35 minutes, and the N substance is always solid. Then the following statement is correct (D)

A.M and N are definitely amorphous

B.M and N are definitely crystals

C.M must be crystalline, N must be amorphous

D.M must be crystalline, N may be amorphous

Common mistake point 4: Not clear about the application of changes in the state of matter in life

7. The picture shows a new type of water cup. An appropriate amount of solid material is sealed in the interlayer of the cup to achieve the functions of "rapid cooling" and "rapid heating". When in use, shake the water cup up and down for a few minutes, and the temperature of 100 ℃ can be reduced. Boiling water can be cooled to warm water of about 55°C, or cold water can be heated to warm water of about 55°C. This water cup is widely known as the "55° cup". The working principle of "55° cup" is (A)

A. When used for the first time, hot water must be added; when cooling, the material melts and absorbs heat, and when it heats up, it uses solidification to release heat.

B. When used for the first time, cold water must be added; when the temperature is lowered, the solidification of the substance is used to release heat, and when the temperature is raised, melting is used to absorb heat.

C. When using it for the first time, you can add hot or cold water; when cooling down, the material melts and absorbs heat, and when it heats up, it uses solidification to release heat.

D. When using it for the first time, you can add hot or cold water; when cooling down, material solidification is used to release heat, and when temperature is rising, melting is used to absorb heat.

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For more information about the PPT courseware "Practice for Strengthening Errors in the Change of State of Matter Unit", please click on the PPT tag for Strengthening Practice of Errors in the Change of State of Matter ppt Unit.

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Update Time: 2024-08-31

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