"The Evolution of Biology" PPT free teaching courseware

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"The Evolution of Biology" PPT free teaching courseware

Part One: Review

Evidence supporting biological evolution

1. Paleontological evidence

Various types of fossils: remains fossils, relic fossils, trace fossils.

2. Embryological evidence

3. Comparative anatomical evidence

4. Compare the differences between DNA and protein, etc.

Biological Evolution PPT, Part 2: Evolution of the Theory of Evolution

A large number of facts prove that living things evolve, but why do living things evolve? That is, what are the causes of biological evolution? Evolutionists differ in their answers to the causes of biological evolution.

four theories

species invariance theory

Buffon's theory of linear evolution

Lamarck's theory of stepwise upward branchless evolution

Darwin's theory of natural selection

Discussion: Compare Buffon's and Lamarck's theories to see what they have in common and what are the differences regarding the origins of existing species and the causes of evolution.

Answer: What the two have in common is that species are changeable, and environmental changes are the fundamental cause of biological evolution.

The difference: Buffon believed that organisms evolved in a linear manner, such as ancient crocodiles → ancient crocodiles → modern crocodiles, while Lamarck believed that existing species evolved from other species, and used the evolutionary theory of "use it or lose it" to explain the mechanism of evolution.

Biological Evolution PPT, Part 3: The Theory of Natural Selection

Contents of the theory of natural selection:

Overbreeding: Living things have a strong ability to reproduce.

Struggle for survival: In order to survive, organisms must fight against the natural environment and other individual organisms.

Heredity and mutation: In the process of reproduction, organisms will continue to produce undirected mutations, many of which are heritable.

Survival of the fittest: Individuals with favorable mutations survive because they adapt to the environment; otherwise, they are eliminated.

Darwin's explanation of giraffe evolution

⑴The original giraffe produced a large number of offspring;

⑵There are individual differences in offspring, some have longer necks and forelimbs, and some have shorter ones; (the internal cause is undirected genetic variation)

⑶During the period of lack of green grass, individuals with longer necks and forelimbs can easily obtain food and survive in the struggle for survival, and reproduce offspring, while individuals with shorter necks and forelimbs are eliminated due to lack of food; (external factors are environmental selection) )

⑷ This selection continues from generation to generation, and after a long period of time, the giraffes as they are now are produced in nature.

Biological Evolution PPT, Part 4: Classroom Exercises

1. The central content of Darwin’s theory of evolution is ___________, and its main contents are _________, _________, __________ and _________.

2. Generally speaking, _________ is non-directional, while _________ is directional. When an organism mutates, it is up to _________ to determine its survival or elimination.

3. If you use certain pesticides for a long time, you will find that the pest control effect is getting worse and worse. This is because some pests have developed resistance. The reasons why pests develop resistance to pesticides are: ( )

(A) The result of pesticide selection by pests;

(B) Results of directional mutation;

(C) The result of inheritance;

(D) The results of pesticide selection for resistance variations in pests.

4. The incorrect understanding of Darwin’s theory of natural selection is ( )

(A) Mutation is generally non-directional;

(B) Choice is non-directional;

(C) Heritable variation is the basis of biological evolution;

(D) After long-term natural selection and accumulation, beneficial variations in organisms may produce new types of organisms.

Evolution of Biology PPT, Part 5: Homework Assignment:

1. Workbook Section 4 Evolution of Biology

2. Write a short essay: Please speculate: Will there be any major evolution for us humans? What will it evolve into? Ask students to write a short essay about human evolution to further explore the reasons for biological evolution.

Keywords: Zhejiang Education Edition ninth grade science PPT courseware for the second volume free download, biological evolution PPT download, .PPT format;

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Update Time: 2024-11-21

This template belongs to science courseware Zhejiang Education Edition Ninth Grade Science Volume 2 industry PPT template

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