"Heredity and Evolution" PPT

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"Heredity and Evolution" PPT courseware

Part One: Review before class:

Where is the genetic material of an organism? What?

Chromosomes are carriers of genetic material

A gene is a segment of DNA that plays a hereditary role

DNA is genetic material

Genes determine the traits of organisms:

Changes in genetic material: The genetic material of organisms can be changed, and genetic mutations often lead to changes in biological traits.

Genetic disease: A disease caused by changes in genetic material (chromosomes, DNA, genes).

Heredity and Evolution PPT, Part 2: Eugenics:

Use the principles and methods of genetics to prevent the birth of babies with obvious genetic defects to improve the quality of the population and improve the quality of the population.

Prohibition of incest marriage: Among the children born to couples who marry close relatives, the incidence of albinism, congenital deafness and mute and other genetic diseases is higher. In general families, the incidence rate is 1 in 10,000 to 1 in 1,000,000. The incidence rate in families is 6-60 times higher than that in ordinary families. my country's Marriage Law stipulates that direct blood relatives and collateral blood relatives within three generations are prohibited from marrying.

Development of evolutionary theory:

Parents do not directly pass on traits to their offspring, but only pass genes to their offspring, and then the genes make the traits of the parents manifest in their offspring.

Different genes in biological groups have different chances of being passed on to their offspring. The traits controlled by some genes have strong adaptability to the environment, so these genes will become more and more abundant in the biological groups of their offspring; conversely, some genes will If the biological traits controlled have weak adaptability to the environment, these genes will become less and less in the biological populations of future generations.

Heredity and Evolution PPT, Part 3: Human Genome Project

On February 12, 2001, the United States, Britain, Germany, Russia, Japan, and China announced to the world that they had completed the determination of the nucleotide physical map of the human gene. There are 3.1647 billion nucleotides and 335,000 genes, 2% of which are related to protein synthesis.

Humans have twice as many genes as fruit flies; one-fourth less than those of rice; and the number of nucleotides that make up human genes is about the same as that of mice.

What is the significance of the Human Genome Project?

Helps uncover the mysteries of human evolution; uncover the mysteries of human biology; diagnose and treat diseases and genetic diseases; drug development, etc.

What problems can the Human Genome Project bring us?

Research on social issues, economic issues, and more importantly legal and ethical issues.

Heredity and Evolution PPT, Part 4: Knowledge Application

1. Hybrid vigor: The phenomenon that hybrids have stronger vitality than their parents is called hybrid vigor.

2. Genetic engineering:

People imagine using some excellent genes to combine to create some new organisms with excellent traits. This technology of recombining genes completely according to human wishes is called genetic engineering.

This is designed and constructed at the DNA molecular level.

Emerging genetic engineering provides a more direct technology for modifying the genetic material of animals and plants. For example, genetically modified technology.

genetically modified organisms

The substance that maintains the vital characteristics of living things is the genes (DNA) in the cell nucleus. The so-called genetically modified organisms are organisms whose DNA has been artificially modified to achieve a specific purpose. The usual approach is to extract gene fragments of an organism with special functions (such as resistance to pests and diseases, increase in nutritional content) and add them to the target organism through genetic technology.

Genetically Modified Food

Genetically modified food is to move the genes of animals and plants and change them to create food types with new characteristics. People can use genes from fresh fish to help common plants such as tomatoes and strawberries resist the cold; by inserting genes from certain bacteria into corn and soybean plants, they can better protect them from pests. Foods produced using these genetically modified organisms as raw materials are genetically modified foods.

Genetics and Evolution PPT, Part 5: Knowledge Feedback:

1. Among the following relationships, which ones are direct blood relatives ( )

A. Brothers B. Uncles and nieces C. Grandparents and grandchildren D. Cousins

2. The main reasons for the increased incidence of genetic diseases are: -----Marriage of close relatives

Keywords: Free download of science PPT courseware for the second volume of the ninth grade of the Zhejiang Education Edition, download of the genetic and evolution PPT, .PPT format;

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"Heredity and Evolution" PPT:

"Heredity and Evolution" PPT Part One Content: Heredity and Variation 1. Heredity: Organisms produce offspring through reproduction, and the traits of offspring are very similar to their parents, and between offspring and offspring. Let’s talk about it: Are you more like your father or your mother? Which one is more similar...

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Update Time: 2024-11-25

This template belongs to science courseware Zhejiang Education Edition Ninth Grade Science Volume 2 industry PPT template

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