"Common Acids" PPT (first lesson)

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"Common Acids" PPT (first lesson)

Part One Content: Learning Objectives:

1. Know the physical and chemical properties of hydrochloric acid.

2. Learn the testing methods for chloride ions.

Common acids PPT, part 2: hydrochloric acid

1. Check what is written on the label of the hydrochloric acid reagent bottle. Can you understand those contents?

2. Observe the color and state of the hydrochloric acid in the reagent bottle.

Pure hydrochloric acid is a colorless liquid.

(Industrial hydrochloric acid is yellow due to the impurity Fe3+)

3. Open the concentrated hydrochloric acid reagent bottle (do not point your face directly above the bottle mouth) and observe what happens at the bottle mouth. Gently fan it with your hands and smell the hydrochloric acid carefully. Hydrochloric acid has a ______ smell.

White mist appears at the mouth of the bottle.

Concentrated hydrochloric acid is volatile. Can emit hydrogen chloride gas. Hydrogen chloride gas encounters water vapor in the air and forms small droplets of hydrochloric acid, so white fog appears.

(1) Characteristics of hydrochloric acid (HCl)

1. Hydrochloric acid is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride (HCl) gas. Pure hydrochloric acid is a colorless, transparent liquid with a pungent and sour taste. The mass fraction of solute in commonly used concentrated hydrochloric acid is about 37%, and the density is 1.19 g/cm3.

2. Concentrated hydrochloric acid is volatile.

3. The reaction between hydrochloric acid and silver nitrate solution can produce a white precipitate of AgCl that is insoluble in dilute nitric acid.

(2) Chemical properties of dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl)

1. Take 2 test tubes and add a small amount of dilute hydrochloric acid solution to each. Then add a few drops of purple litmus test solution and colorless phenolphthalein test solution into two test tubes respectively, and observe and record the color.

2. Put the egg shell into the test tube containing hydrochloric acid, and insert the burning match into the mouth of the test tube, as shown in Figure 1-19. What did you see?

A large number of bubbles are produced, and the burning wood sticks are extinguished.

3. Take a rusty iron nail (the main component of rust is Fe2O3) and observe its color. Carefully slide the rusty iron nail along the wall of the test tube to the bottom of the test tube, drop a small amount of dilute hydrochloric acid into the test tube, and shake, as shown in Figure 1-20. After a while, take out the iron nails and rinse them with water. What happened to the surface of the iron nail and the color of the solution?

The rust gradually dissolves and the solution turns yellow

4. Add 2 ml of hydrochloric acid to a test tube containing a small amount of copper oxide powder and heat it slightly. What did you see?

The black powder gradually disappears and the solution turns blue

Common acid PPT, the third part: summary

Chemical properties of dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl)

1. Hydrochloric acid can react with indicator

It can make the purple litmus test solution turn red, but the colorless phenolphthalein test solution does not change color.

2. Hydrochloric acid can react with metals to produce salts and hydrogen

3. Hydrochloric acid can react with metal oxides to form salt and water

4. Hydrochloric acid can react with alkali to form salt and water

5. Hydrochloric acid can react with salt to form new salt and new acid

Common acid PPT, part 4 content: practice

1. Dilute hydrochloric acid solution can turn purple litmus test solution into red. This is because the solution contains a large amount of ( )

A． Hydrogen chloride molecule B. water molecule

C. Hydrogen ions D. Chloride

2. Which of the following four substances does not release gas after adding dilute hydrochloric acid? ( )

A. Iron nails B. Sodium carbonate

C. Marble D. Calcium hydroxide

3. To test whether a certain solution is acidic, take a small amount of the solution and conduct the experiment. The wrong approach is ( )

A. Add phenolphthalein test solution dropwise B. Add litmus test solution dropwise

C. Add sodium carbonate solution dropwise D. Add limestone

4. Hydrochloric acid is widely used in production and life. Which properties of hydrochloric acid are used in each of the following applications? Try to write a chemical equation for the reaction.

(1) Use hydrochloric acid to clean the rust on the steel surface before electroplating.

(2) Use dilute hydrochloric acid to remove scale on the inner surface of the boiler

[Main components are CaCO3 and Mg(OH)2]

(3) Stomach pain can be relieved by eating a few soda crackers [containing soda ash].

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Update Time: 2024-11-08

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