"Common Acids" PPT (Second Lesson)

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"Common Acids" PPT (Second Lesson)

Part One Content: Learning Objectives:

1. Know the physical and chemical properties of sulfuric acid and nitric acid, and summarize the common characteristics of acids;

2. Learn the detection method of sulfate ions.

Common Acid PPT, Part 2: Personality of Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4)

1. Check what is written on the label of the sulfuric acid reagent bottle. Can you understand those contents? Then observe the changes in the mouth of the bottle after opening the cap, and compare it with concentrated hydrochloric acid.

1. Properties of concentrated sulfuric acid

Pure concentrated sulfuric acid is a colorless, viscous, oily liquid.

Common concentrated sulfuric acid has a mass fraction of 98%, a density of 1.84 g/cm3, and no volatility.

2. Concentrated sulfuric acid is water absorbent

Concentrated sulfuric acid is used as a desiccant for certain gases.

What will happen if concentrated sulfuric acid is left exposed?

If concentrated sulfuric acid is placed in the open, because concentrated sulfuric acid is hygroscopic and directly absorbs moisture in the air, the mass of the solution will increase and the mass fraction of the solute in the solution will decrease.

3. Concentrated sulfuric acid is highly corrosive

If concentrated sulfuric acid accidentally splashes on the skin, wipe it off with a dry cloth first, then rinse with plenty of water, and finally rinse with baking soda solution. In severe cases, you should be sent to the hospital immediately.

Thinking: When concentrated sulfuric acid is dropped on a piece of paper, why does the paper turn black?

4. Concentrated sulfuric acid has dehydrating properties

Plant fibers (such as cotton, hemp, wood fiber for papermaking), human skin, etc. contain three elements: carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Concentrated sulfuric acid can "extract" the hydrogen and oxygen elements and combine them into water.

Common Acids PPT, Part 3: Chemical Properties of Dilute Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4)

Drop purple litmus test solution into a test tube containing dilute sulfuric acid and observe the phenomenon.

Phenomenon: Can turn purple litmus red

Drop colorless phenolphthalein into a test tube containing dilute sulfuric acid and observe the phenomenon.

Phenomenon: colorless phenolphthalein does not change color

1. Sulfuric acid can react with indicator

It can make the purple litmus test solution turn red, but the colorless phenolphthalein test solution does not change color.

Common acids PPT, part 4: nitric acid

Nitric acid is also a strong acid with a wide range of industrial uses.

1. Pure nitric acid is a colorless, volatile liquid with a pungent odor.

2. Concentrated nitric acid is volatile;

3. Nitric acid has strong oxidizing properties;

4. Highly corrosive;

5. Concentrated nitric acid is easy to decompose when exposed to light, so concentrated nitric acid is generally stored in a sealed brown bottle.

Common acids PPT, part 5: Properties of acids

1. Acid can react with indicator

It can make the purple litmus test solution turn red, but the colorless phenolphthalein test solution does not change color.

2. Acid + (active) metal = salt + hydrogen

3. Acid + certain metal oxides = salt + water

4.Acid + Base = Salt + Water

5. Acid + certain salts = new salt + new acid

Common acid PPT, part six: summary

1. Properties of acid

1. Acid can react with indicator

It can make the purple litmus test solution turn red, but the colorless phenolphthalein test solution does not change color.

2. Acid + (active) metal = salt + hydrogen

3. Acid + certain metal oxides = salt + water

4.Acid + Base = Salt + Water

5. Acid + certain salts = new salt + new acid

2. Characteristics of sulfuric acid (H2SO4)

1. It is a colorless, viscous, oily liquid

2. Dehydrating

3. Water absorbent

4. Highly corrosive

3. Characteristics of nitric acid (HNO3)

1. Pure nitric acid is a colorless, volatile liquid with a pungent odor.

2. Concentrated nitric acid is volatile;

3. Nitric acid has strong oxidizing properties;

4. Highly corrosive;

5. Concentrated nitric acid is easy to decompose when exposed to light, so concentrated nitric acid is generally stored in a sealed brown bottle.

Common acid PPT, part 6 content:

1. Lead-acid batteries contain sulfuric acid. If sulfuric acid is accidentally leaked onto the marble floor, it will make a hissing sound and produce gas. This gas is ( )

A. Sulfur dioxide B. Carbon dioxide

C. Hydrogen D. Oxygen

2. Which of the following substances cannot react with dilute sulfuric acid----( )

A. Iron B. Magnesium oxide

C. Carbon dioxide D. Sodium carbonate

3. Which of the following reagents can distinguish between dilute sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid----( )

A. Zinc granules B. Purple litmus solution

C. Potassium hydroxide solution D. Barium chloride solution

4. How to identify 3 bottles of colorless liquid containing water, dilute hydrochloric acid, and dilute sulfuric acid?

First use an indicator to identify the water, and then use barium chloride solution or silver nitrate solution to identify dilute hydrochloric acid and dilute sulfuric acid.

Keywords: Zhejiang Education Edition ninth grade science PPT courseware free download, common acid PPT download, .PPT format;

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Update Time: 2024-11-18

This template belongs to science courseware Zhejiang Education Edition Ninth Grade Science Volume 1 industry PPT template

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