"Words and Words" PPT

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"Words and Words" PPT

Part One: Classic morning reading

Guest arrival

Du Fu

There is spring water in the south and north of the house, but I can see a flock of gulls coming every day.

The flower path has never been swept by visitors, and now the gate is opened for you.

The flower path has never been swept by visitors, and now the gate is opened for you.

He is willing to drink with his neighbor, calling across the fence to finish the remaining cup.

【Author background】

This poem was written by the poet after the completion of the thatched cottage in Chengdu. Not long after the thatched cottage was newly built, two guests came to see him: one was an old acquaintance who visited occasionally; the other was a guest from afar who came specially to visit. The poet wrote poems for both friends, the former with the theme "A Guest" and the latter with the theme "The Guest Arrives". Looking at the content of the poem, there is indeed a difference between "relative" and "respect". Under the title of the poem "Guest Arrival" there is the author's own note: "I am happy to meet Cui Mingfu." It can be seen that it is an occasional visit between old friends. Judging from the cordiality and casualness of the words in the poem, it is also It really doesn’t happen unless you are an old friend. As for Cui Mingfu, some commentators believe that he is Du Fu's uncle, probably because Du's mother's surname is Cui; but "Mingfu" is the name of the county magistrate in the Tang Dynasty, and Du Fu Thatched Cottage belongs to Xipu County (where the government is located). Northwest of Chengdu), maybe he is the magistrate of Xipu County, this question is not relevant.

[Perception of the theme]

The content of the poem is easy to understand. The poet's mood is different from his usual melancholy, and he appears open, bright, relaxed and happy. This is the tone of the whole poem. Every sentence in the poem is said to a very good friend and is an expression of friendship. Weaving the prospects of the door, daily conversations, and surrounding sentiments into interesting life scenes, expressing sincere and frank friendship.

Word-for-word PPT, part 2: learning objectives

1. Memorize common knowledge, words, and famous sentences about literature.

2. Grasp the author's point of view.

3. Learn the argument structure and argument methods of this article.

4. Correctly understand and use the language of the motherland, and cultivate the spirit of seeking truth and truth.

Word-for-word PPT, the third part: Preview before class

(1) Understand people and the world, broaden your horizons

1. Get closer to the author

Zhu Guangqian (1897-1986) was born in Tongcheng, Anhui. Aesthetician and literary theorist. Graduated from the Department of Liberal Arts and Education of the University of Hong Kong in 1922. In 1930, he received a Master of Arts degree from the University of Edinburgh in the United Kingdom. In 1933, he received a doctorate in liberal arts from the University of Strasbourg, France. After returning to China, he served as professor at Peking University, professor and dean of the School of Liberal Arts at Sichuan University, and professor and provost at Wuhan University.

After 1946, he served as professor of Peking University, acting dean of the School of Liberal Arts, first president of the Chinese Aesthetics Society, member of the 3rd to 4th Central Committee of the China Democratic League, member of the 2nd to 5th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, and member of the Standing Committee of the 6th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. He has been engaged in aesthetics teaching and research all his life, and has profound attainments in Western aesthetic thought and Chinese and Western cultural research. He is the author of "Tragic Psychology", "Literary Psychology", "History of Western Aesthetics", and has translated Hegel's "Aesthetics".

Zhu Guangqian is one of the pioneers and founders of modern aesthetics in my country. He has learned both Chinese and Western knowledge, and is knowledgeable about both ancient and modern times. His monographs such as "Psychology of Literature and Art", "On Beauty" and "On Poetry" are of pioneering significance for the development of modern aesthetics in my country. He is also one of the pioneers of modern comparative aesthetics and comparative literature in my country.

His "On Poetry" is a model work of comparative aesthetics in my country. It uses Western poetic theory to explain Chinese classical poetry, and uses Chinese poetic theory to confirm famous Western poetic theories. It draws parallels by analogy, is free and easy, and is beautiful. Zhu Guangqian believes: "In my past writing, if there is anything independent, it is "On Poetry". "On Poetry" has an important role in explaining the rhythm of Chinese poetry and why Chinese poetry later took the path of rhythmic poetry. Some scientific analysis." In addition, his "Psychology of Literature and Art" is also a classic work integrating Chinese and Western styles. His "History of Western Aesthetics" is China's first work that systematically explains the history of Western aesthetics. The translation of Hegel's "Aesthetics" also won him a high reputation.

2. Understand the background

Language is the medium and means through which literary works shape artistic images and reflect real life. However, literary studies and literary criticism often do not pay enough attention to literary language. Most people don't pay much attention to language cultivation, and treat language and literature with a careless attitude. They don't pay attention to the elaboration of words, and even write in vain, and are full of language errors. In response to this phenomenon in literary creation at that time, Zhu Guangqian wrote this article, pointing out: "Literature is a difficult thing. Only by working hard, innovating and renovating, and always seeking to refine and match your thoughts, emotions and language can you gradually achieve The perfection of art." He told people: Language is such a wonderful thing. It is very important to use this word or that word, to say this or that in a sentence. The author's advocacy of chewing words is inseparable from his understanding of the literary creation process.

Word-for-word PPT, part 4: Entering the classroom

Lesson 1 (Study the first part of the text)

(1) Read the text intensively and conduct independent discussion

Part 1 (Natural Paragraphs 1 to 5): Use three examples to illustrate that the reason why wording is important is because small changes and adjustments in words affect the expression of thoughts and feelings. In other words, wording is not just about words. The effect cannot be underestimated. Three examples, three types, three meanings. Example 1 proves that different sentence patterns have different meanings; Example 2 proves that one word added and one subtracted has different meanings; Example 3 proves that different words have different moods.

1. What is the meaning of the title "Chinese Words"? Would it be better to change the topic to "Lian Zi"?

Answer: The "chewing" in "耷文蛰字" means to consider carefully. The meaning of this idiom is: ① To describe excessive elaboration of words. ②Describes dropping a book bag or showing off one’s talents. ③It means not paying attention to the essence, only dwelling on certain words or sentences, or making excuses. The author here removes its "derogatory" element, absorbs the reasonable and positive elements contained in it, and uses it to express his own point of view, that is, in literature, there must be a rigorous spirit of "not letting go of a word" . In the article, the author actually not only talks about the issue of character training and language training, but also focuses on the relationship between thoughts, feelings and language use in literature. Therefore, changing the title to "Chinese Character Refining" does not cover the entire content of the article.

2. What are the benefits of starting with an example?

Answer: The author starts with an example. He first gives an example that has been modified well and analyzes it. Then he gives an example that was modified poorly to compare with it, which is thought-provoking. Moreover, both examples are written by the literary master Guo Moruo, which makes them even more intriguing and extraordinary. This enhances the persuasiveness and attractiveness of the article.

3. The author's point of view is different from Guo Moruo's when explaining the meaning of the word "Lian". Why? What does he think plays a major role?

Answer: The two look at the problem from different angles: Guo’s point of view focuses on language itself, that is, its formal characteristics; while the author particularly emphasizes its effect on emotional expression. The author believes that emotion should play a major role.

(2) Teachers give guidance and lead ideas

1. This article thinks why it is necessary to be literal-minded? How to be literal?

Because words are related to thoughts and feelings, situations, artistic conceptions, associations, and innovations. To understand the article thoroughly and write a good article, you must learn to be precise. The method of chewing words is to go from one point to another, from the outside to the inside, to explore the connotation of thoughts and feelings.

2. The author uses the examples of Guo Moruo's changing lines, Wang Ruoxu's changing "Historical Records" and Jia Dao's "refining" to illustrate what truth respectively?

The example of Guo Moruo changing his lines is to illustrate the role of "refining characters" in expressing the effect and enhancing the emotional color; the example of Wang Ruoxu and Jia Dao is to illustrate the relationship between words and thoughts and feelings. The author believes that "refining words...actually means adjusting thoughts and emotions", "changing words changes thoughts and feelings at the same time", "thinking about words is actually 'thinking' about thoughts and emotions".

3. In the article, regarding the "reflection" story of Han Yu's revision of Jia Dao's poem, the author said: "I doubt whether Han Yu's revision is really as appropriate as it has been praised in ancient and modern times." Do you agree with the author's point of view in the article? What do you think of this?

The story of Han Yu changing the lyrics for Jia Dao is a literary legend and has always been regarded as a model for literati to "refining words", but the author raised questions. The author believes that language should be tempered based on thoughts and emotions. It is obviously inappropriate to ignore Jia Dao's mood and environment at the time and only focus on these two words. The problem is not with the word "push" and "knock". Which word is more appropriate, but which state he wants to say at that time and harmonizes with the whole poem.

Word-for-word PPT, part five: summary center

The author analyzes three examples of "word refinement" in the history of literature, and links it with some shortcomings in real-life writing, and clearly states his point of view: In literature, "no matter reading or writing, we must have one word that we refuse to relax on." of caution."

appreciating art

1. Rich in content and rigorous in structure. This article quotes a large number of examples from ancient and modern dramas, historical biographies, poems, discussions, etc. to prove the point. It not only fully demonstrates the argument, but also explains the abstract Taoism in a vivid, easy-to-understand and rich cultural connotation. Although there are many examples in this article, they are "many but orderly, many but organized". The article is written closely with the theme of the relationship between words and thoughts and feelings. The overall structure adopts the divided type, and the main part adopts the layered type. The first part first introduces the core point with examples of Guo Moruo's success and failure in text modification, and consolidates it with the example of "Li Guang shoots a tiger" in "Historical Records";

Use the "examination" story to further demonstrate the argument from the front. The second part develops the topic in depth and once again confirms the unshakability of the core point of view from the direct meaning and associative meaning of the text. The third part makes a summary. After a concise and comprehensive review, finally clarify the core points. The article always seizes the opportunity to cite the most appropriate examples to illustrate the problem vividly, so it is very convincing; even the examples that seem to have been judged long ago can also be used to create new ones from different angles, showing the talent of a great scholar. Deep and remarkable insights. Especially from the perspective of literary and artistic psychology, the understanding gained from exploring the good intentions of creators and the different mentalities of appreciators and bystanders is even more refreshing and inspiring.

2. Use examples to reason, from here to there, from the outside to the inside. The main part of the article is mainly about the relationship between words and thoughts and emotions. It adopts the combination of narrative and analysis to let readers understand what it means to "bite words" and how to "bite words", that is, to chew out what the words express. Thoughts and emotions.

Deductive arguments are often used, often from the general to the specific, with the conclusion first. Then use a lot of examples to prove it. Regarding the "you this" and "you are" sentence patterns, a set of curse sentences in "Water Margin" and "A Dream of Red Mansions" were cited as examples to prove the point that different meanings can be expressed using different sentence patterns. Regarding the view that "on the surface it seems to be just considering the weight of words, in fact it is to adjust thoughts and emotions", taking Wang Ruoxu's modification of "Li Guang shoots the tiger" in "Historical Records" as an example, analyzing the gains and losses, and demonstrating that "there has never been a sentence to change A statement but the meaning remains completely unchanged." With regard to the view that "changing words changes thoughts and emotions at the same time", I use the allusion of "examination" to analyze the pros and cons of "examination" and "knock", explaining that "examination in words actually changes thoughts and emotions in essence". 'Think'" perspective.

3. Using metaphors to explain arguments can make abstract theories clearer, such as "The direct meaning is recorded in the dictionary, like a moon wheel, obvious and certain; the associative meaning is the various relationships accumulated by words in the historical process, like the outside of a wheel." The halo, the glow outside the halo, has different shades and sizes depending on the person at any time and at any time, and is unpredictable." This is to express the direct meaning and associative meaning of words vividly and clearly through metaphors.

Word-for-word PPT, part six: [Masterpiece Expo]

Appreciation of characters in "How Steel Was Tempered"

Paul Korchagin: the protagonist of the book. Born into a poor railway worker family, he worked as an apprentice and worker. The hardships of life made him stubborn and rebellious. He participated in the revolution at the age of 13. Under the enlightenment and education of Zhu Helai, a member of the Bolshevik Party, he understood the principles of revolution. During the period of underground revolution and civil war, he grew up to be a brave Red Army soldier and a strong proletarian revolutionary fighter. During the extremely difficult period of national economic recovery, he withstood severe tests of himself and the external environment, and insisted on participating in the construction of railways. Later, he became disabled due to illness, became blind in both eyes, and even became paralyzed. Later, he engaged in literary creation with amazing perseverance. He was a proletarian hero who fought for human liberation.

Zhukhlai: One of the main characters in the book, a member of the Bolshevik Party and Paul Korchagin’s first guide. Calm, capable, and rich in organizational skills, he inspired and attracted a large number of young people like Paul to participate in revolutionary activities. He was a representative of the old Bolsheviks.

Tonya: One of the main characters in the book. The forest officer's daughter, Paul's childhood companion and youth lover, was different from other wealthy women in that she never ridiculed or insulted Paul. But later, he was greedy for a comfortable life, looked down on the workers, and left Paul.

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Update Time: 2024-11-21

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