PPT courseware of "Imperial Man to Country"

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PPT courseware of "Imperial Man to Country"

Part One: Target Navigation

1. Master the important content words, function words and classical Chinese sentence patterns and other classical knowledge in the text.

2. Understand Mencius’ positive thoughts of advocating benevolent government and paying attention to the support of the people.

3. Appreciate Mencius's skill in using metaphors to reason and his powerful argumentation art.

4. Understand the contemporary significance of Mencius’ thoughts on benevolent government and be able to make appropriate comments.

PPT about the role of a widow in the country, part 2: text reading aid

1. Connect with the author

Mencius (about 372 BC - 289 BC), named Ke and Ziyu, was born in Zou (now southeast of Zoucheng, Shandong Province) during the Warring States Period. He was a famous thinker, politician and educator. Mencius advocated benevolent government, emphasizing that "the people are more important than the king" and paying attention to the support of the people; he advocated "controlling the people's property" and put forward the "theory of good nature" on the issue of human nature.

"Mencius" is an outstanding prose work by the pre-Qin scholars. It is a quotation-style work compiled by Mencius and his disciples. There are 7 chapters in total. The content includes Mencius' political activities, political theories, philosophy, ethics, and educational thoughts. "Mencius" has accurate metaphors, sharp and smooth language, full of emotions, and profound reasoning. It is one of the classic works of Confucianism.

2. Explore the background

In the middle period of the Warring States period where Mencius lived, princes from various countries competed for cities and land, and competed for force. Power and violence were respected, hegemony was regarded as the way of heaven, and relying on the strong to bully the weak was regarded as reasonable.

Mencius was invited to the Kingdom of Wei in the thirty-fifth year of King Hui of Liang (335 BC). When Mencius arrived, King Hui of Liang once said to him: "I am not a sycophant. I am defeated by three soldiers. The prince is captured and my general is dead. The country is empty and I am ashamed of the ancestors, temples and the country. I am very ugly. I am not even a thousand miles away." How will it benefit our country if we humiliate the court in a bad city?" ("Historical Records: The Family of Wei") From this, we can see the purpose of King Hui of Liang in inviting Mencius to come to Wei.

PPT about a few people to a country, the third part: basic coaching

1. Literacy and phonetic notation

Mi Su(sù) abandon armor and drag soldiers(yè)

Can't eat enough (shēn�), count the number of grains (cù �ǔ)

�Chi(wū) fish and turtle(biē)

preserve one's health and lose one's life (sāng) clothes and silk (yì)

Chicken, dolphin and dog pig (tún zhì) Xiánxu (xián�)

filial piety (tì) hungry 莩 (piǎo)

2. Tongjiazi

(1) There is no hope that the people will be more numerous than those of neighboring countries/no time will be lost

"Wu" corresponds to "Wu", don't.

(2) Those who are awarded white are worthy of being on the road.

"Fan" refers to "spot", the color is mixed but not pure.

(3) Smeared with phosphorus but not aware of it

"Tu" leads to "TU", the road.

PPT on the role of a widow in the country, part 4: pre-study introduction

1. What does this article use as a clue to discuss?

Tip: Use "the people will not increase in number" as a clue to start the discussion. First of all, King Hui of Liang thought that he had "done his best" but "the people did not increase". Secondly, Mencius used the metaphor of "fifty steps to laugh at a hundred steps" to illustrate that there was no essential difference between King Hui of Liang and the kings of neighboring countries, thus revealing the reason why "the people did not increase in number". Finally, Mencius proposed various measures to increase the number of people.

2. What measures does Mencius propose to implement the "kingly way" in this article? What is the essence? What effect will be achieved after implementation?

Tip: The beginning of the king's way: caring for the people and nourishing the people. The specific measures are "not violating the farming season"; "counting grains of rice without entering the pond"; The essence is to develop production, prosper side businesses, promote material production, and lay a solid foundation for life. The effect is that grain, fish and turtles are "inexhaustible for food", and wood is "inexhaustible for use", so that the people can "keep themselves healthy and die without regrets".

The success of the king's way: protect the people and educate the people. The specific measures are: "For a five-acre house, use mulberry trees"; "For chickens, dolphins, dogs and pigs, don't lose their time"; "For a hundred acres of land, don't take away your time"; "Remember Xiangxu's teachings and apply them." In the spirit of filial piety and brotherhood." The essence is to develop the economy, improve life, and protect people's livelihood; pay attention to education, promote the construction of spiritual civilization, and strengthen social stability. The effect is that "those who are fifty can wear silk and silk", "those who are seventy can eat meat", "a family of several people can have no hunger"; Hungry but not cold."

PPT about a few people to the country, part five: segment analysis

1. The government of neighboring countries is not as good as the intentions of a few people. If the people of neighboring countries do not increase or decrease, if the people of the poor do not increase, then why?

Analysis This is the first question raised by King Hui of Liang after meeting Mencius. The key point of the question is "increasing population". In ancient times, the population was small. In order to increase labor and expand soldiers, all vassal states hoped to increase their population. Whoever has a large population will have a large number of land cultivators, whoever has a large number of soldiers will be able to enrich the country and strengthen the army. King Hui of Liang hoped that more people would join him. He compared his actions with those of neighboring monarchs and believed that his country's politics were much better than those of neighboring countries. However, "the people still did not increase". Therefore, when King Hui of Liang saw Mencius, he directly focused on population. This shows that King Hui of Liang was eager to know the reason for "not increasing the number of people" and his political ambition to make the country rich and powerful and conquer the world.

2. The king is warlike, so please use the metaphor of war.

Analysis: When Mencius faced King Hui of Liang’s question of “what’s the point if the people don’t increase in number?”, he did not answer directly. Instead, he took a different approach and said, “The king is warlike, so please use the metaphor of war.” These seven characters can be divided into two layers: the three characters "the king is warlike" are one layer, which highly summarizes the characteristics of King Hui of Liang. It also implies that it was an era of wrestling between princes. It was King Hui of Liang who hoped that "the people would increase their numbers." " era, this era does not like the theory of "benevolence and righteousness", which is why Mencius' theory is in trouble; the second level is "please use a metaphor of war", what is a "metaphor"? Of course it is a "metaphor" of King Hui of Liang In this way, Mencius brought the topic to the issue of King Hui of Liang. Mencius was good at catering to his preferences, taking advantage of the situation, and always grasping the initiative in the conversation, which can be said to be "skilled in lobbying." Mencius' language art can be seen in these seven characters.

3. For a five-acre house with mulberry trees, the fifty-year-old can be clothed with silk; the chickens, dolphins, dogs, and pigs will not be lost in their time, and the seventy-year-old can eat meat; for the hundred-acre field, do not take away the time. A family with a mouth can live without hunger.

Analysis: This passage is Mencius's further proposal of benevolent government to educate the people and make them obey after proposing the "beginning of the king's way". It is also the fundamental measure to "increase the number of people". These are the three measures Mencius proposed to further develop production, and the effects that will be produced after taking these measures. These three measures can be described as comprehensive and specific, from small-area residential planting to large-area field cultivation, from poultry raising to livestock breeding, from clothing to food preparation, and from the lives of the elderly to children. Compared with the three measures of "The Beginning of the King's Way", this is obviously a step forward and has stronger appeal.

PPT about a few people to a country, part six: cooperation and exchanges

1. When Mencius answered the question of King Hui of Liang, he used the metaphor of "fifty steps to laugh at a hundred steps". What kind of truth was intended to illustrate?

Thinking activation: Mencius used the metaphor of "fifty steps to laugh at a hundred steps" to point out the essence of what King Hui of Liang called "dedication".

Tip: "Wait for a hundred steps and then stop" and "Wait for fifty steps and then stop" are essentially running away from the battlefield. King Hui of Liang believed that he was more dedicated to the country than the kings of other countries, and his policies were better than those of his neighboring countries. The people of neighboring countries should take the initiative to defect to him. But his goal was not achieved. The number of citizens of neighboring countries did not decrease, and the number of his own citizens did not increase. Mencius did not directly answer the reason why "the people did not increase in number", but used the metaphor of King Hui of Liang's "warlike" to inspire the other party to think. "Laughing at fifty steps and laughing at a hundred steps" cleverly points out that King Hui of Liang's so-called "devotion" to the country is actually the same as that of neighboring countries. They are essentially tyranny of the people. In order to fundamentally increase the number of citizens, we must implement benevolent government and implement kingly principles.

2. What is the artistic expression of the argument in this article?

Tips: First, be good at grasping the psychology of the person you are speaking to, good at inducing and inspiring, and always strive for the initiative; second, accurately use metaphors, parallelism, and duality techniques, and use "fifty steps to laugh at a hundred steps" as a metaphor, which is clear and concise, with profound meaning. The use of paired sentence patterns can highlight thoughts, deepen feelings, and enhance momentum; third, the layers are clear and the structure is rigorous; fourth, the language is close to spoken language, lively and interesting.

PPT about a few people to a country, part 7: text illustrations

1. Rigorous structure

On the surface, Mencius's articles appear to be arrogant and undisciplined, but in fact, the paragraphs are clear, well-layered, interlocking and inseparable. At the end of the three parts of this article, the following words are used: "If the few people do not increase the number of people", "There is no hope that the number of people will be greater than that of neighboring countries", and "The number of people in the world will be the same", which not only plays a finishing touch to the content of each part, but also It also reflects the inner connection between the various parts, and the various parts of the full text are connected into an organic whole.

2. Make good use of metaphors

Mencius was good at using metaphors to reason. "Making good use of" means using examples that the other party is familiar with to inspire the other party and make it easier for the other party to accept. King Hui of Liang liked to fight, so he used war as a metaphor. For example, he used "fifty steps to laugh at a hundred steps" to describe that Liang Hui's "devotion to the country" was not much better than that of neighboring countries; he used "stab someone and kill him" to blame him. The absurdity of weapons shows that it is not the bad years that harm the people but the tyranny of the rulers.

3. Full of momentum

Mencius's article has an eloquent momentum, which is reflected in the use of neatly paired sentences in the language. For example, in the fifth paragraph, he explains the principle of "the beginning of the king's way". "If you don't enter the pond, you won't be able to eat fish and turtles; if you don't enter the forest with a pound of ax, you won't be able to use the wood." The three sets of paired sentences put forward three measures to develop production and the effects of taking these measures. The syllables are sonorous and full of momentum. The continuous use of the sentence pattern "invincible...ye" gives people the feeling of being endless and inexhaustible, which greatly enhances the persuasiveness and appeal of the article, and also makes the article read with great momentum.

Keywords: Free download of PPT courseware for the three compulsory high school Chinese courses from the People's Education Press, PPT download of "Idiots to the Country", .PPT format;

For more information about the PPT courseware "A Few People Are a Country", please click on the "A Few People Are a Country" ppt tag.

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Update Time: 2024-06-28

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