"Teacher's Talk" PPT courseware

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"Teacher's Talk" PPT courseware

Part One Content: New Course Reading Assistance

"Shi Shuo" is a famous essay by Han Yu, written in the 18th year of Zhenyuan (802) by Emperor Dezong of Tang Dynasty, when Han Yu was appointed as the fourth doctor of the Imperial Academy. This article is written in response to the bad trend of "being ashamed to learn from teachers" under the influence of the concept of family status. The concept of family status originated from the nine-rank Zhongzheng system in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. After Wei Wen Emperor Cao Pi implemented the nine-rank Zhongzheng system, a family system represented by the gentry was formed. They do not need to study, and they look down on their teachers. They respect "family law" and despise being a teacher. By the Tang Dynasty, the nine-rank Zhongzheng system was abolished, and the rank of officials and titles was used as the criterion for distinguishing family status. This also had a great impact on the choice of teachers. Among the scholar-bureaucrats at that time, there was a common mentality that "a low position would be humiliating, and a high official would be close to flattery". Han Yu opposed this wrong concept and proposed that "Tao" should be the teacher. The presence of "Tao" means the presence of the teacher, which had obvious progressive significance at that time. Liu Zongyuan, a contemporary of Han Yu, said in "Reply to Wei Zhongli on Teachers' Taoism": "In today's world, people don't hear of teachers, but some laugh at them and think they are crazy.

The more Duhan worked hard, regardless of the customs, he made jokes and insults, recruited his disciples to study, and wrote the "Teacher's Theory", and became a teacher because of his resistance to appearance... The more he got a crazy reputation, he lived in Chang'an, had no time to cook, and went east to eat, like this. There are so many of them. ” From this, we can see the writing background of "Shi Shuo" and the author's fighting spirit.

★Han Yu (768-824), whose courtesy name was Tuizhi, was from Heyang (now Mengzhou, Henan). Han's ancestral home is Changli (now Yihai, Liaoning), and he calls himself "Changli Han Yu", and is known as "Han Changli" in the world. He once served as a censor, a doctor of the Imperial Academy, and a minister of the Ministry of Civil Affairs. Because he opposed Xianzong's efforts to welcome the Buddha's bones, he was demoted as the governor of Chaozhou, and later became the minister of the Ministry of Personnel. His posthumous title was "Wen". He was the advocate of the "ancient prose movement" in the Tang Dynasty. Su Shi called him "the rise and decline of literature in eight generations", and people in the Ming Dynasty ranked him first among the "eight great writers of the Tang and Song Dynasties". There is "Collection of Mr. Changli".

★"Shuo" is a style of ancient prose, which belongs to the scope of argumentative essays. It can be narrated first and then discussed, or it can be combined with narrative and discussion. Generally, it is to state one's opinion on something. "Snake Catcher", "Horse" and "Ai Lian" all belong to the "said" category of articles. "Teacher's Theory" means to explain the principle of "following the teacher".

The teacher talks about PPT, the second part of the content: independent sorting

1. Zhuziyin

2. Know the truth

A teacher is someone who teaches, accepts karma and resolves doubts ("receive" means "teach")

Either a teacher, or not ("bu" means "no")

3. Disambiguation

4. Differentiate and use

5. Divide into ancient and modern times

6. Clear sentence pattern

Teacher, so I preach, receive my karma and resolve my doubts (judgement sentence)

I don’t know how to read the sentence, and I can’t understand it (preposition of object)

A teacher does not have to be wiser than his disciples (postpositional prepositional structure)

Don't be constrained by the time, learn from others (passive sentence)

Love his son and choose a teacher to teach him (sentence omitted)

7. Famous sentences

(1) If you are confused and do not follow the teacher, you will be confused and you will not be able to understand it. (Han Yu's "Teacher's Theory") (2015·Anhui College Entrance Examination)

(2) A teacher is someone who preaches, learns and resolves doubts. (Han Yu's "Teacher's Theory") (2015·Fujian College Entrance Examination)

(3) Han Yu said in "Teacher's Theory": Being a teacher has nothing to do with age. People who are older than yourself should learn the Tao before you, so you should take them as your teacher; and "those born after me will also learn the Tao first. It’s up to me, so I can learn from him.” (2014·Syllabus National College Entrance Examination)

(4) I don’t know how to read a sentence, I don’t understand the confusion, maybe I am a teacher, or I am not good at it. I have not seen the clarity of it, but it is a big legacy after elementary school. (Han Yu's "Teacher's Theory") (2013·Beijing College Entrance Examination)

(5) Woohoo! It’s obvious that the teacher’s ways are gone. Gentlemen despise a man who is a witch doctor, a musician, and a master of various skills. Now his wisdom is beyond his reach. It is so strange! (Han Yu's "Shi Shuo")

(6) Therefore, the disciple does not have to be inferior to the teacher, and the teacher does not have to be better than the disciple. There is a priority in learning the Tao, and there is a specialization in the art, that's all. (Han Yu's "Teacher's Theory")

Teacher talks about PPT, the third part: segment comments

1. Ancient scholars must have teachers. A teacher is the one who preaches the truth, receives karma and resolves doubts.

Comments: At the beginning of the article, the conclusion is made that "scholars in ancient times must have teachers", and then it is pointed out that the role of teachers is to "preach teachings, learn karma and resolve doubts", which serves as the starting point and basis for the entire argument. Then the sentences are closely connected, and the viewpoint of "where the Tao exists, the teacher exists" is deduced. At the same time, the beginning solemnly states that "scholars of ancient times must have teachers", which implicitly criticizes "scholars of today" for not following teachers, which naturally lays the groundwork for the second paragraph. Among the three aspects of "preaching, accepting karma and solving doubts", "preaching" is the core, "accepting karma" is the means, and "solving doubts" is an inevitable problem encountered in "preaching and accepting karma". The author clearly puts forward the responsibility of teachers for the first time, which is of great significance.

2. I don’t know how to read a sentence, I don’t understand it when I’m confused, maybe I’m a teacher, or maybe I’m not good at it. I haven’t seen it clearly yet.

Comments: "I don't know how to read the sentence" and "I don't understand the confusion" are all prepositioned sentences of the object. "Zhi" is a sign of preposition of the object. The normal word order should be "I don't know how to read the sentence" and "I don't understand the confusion".

"I don't know how to read a sentence" echoes "I don't understand", and "I don't understand" echoes "I don't understand". The meaning of this sentence is: If you don't know how to read a sentence, you should learn from the teacher; if you have questions that you can't solve, you should not learn from the teacher; you should learn the small things, but give up on the big things. I don't see where he is smart.

Here the author is still emphasizing the importance of following a teacher. If you can follow a teacher for small things, the teacher is just "teaching the book and learning its sentences to read", but for real "confusion", he is ashamed to learn from the teacher. How can such a person "see" What about "its meaning"?

3. Therefore, the disciple does not have to be inferior to the teacher, and the teacher does not have to be better than the disciple. There is a priority in learning the Tao, and there is a specialization in the art, that's all.

Comment: The meaning of this sentence is: Therefore, students are not necessarily inferior to teachers, and teachers are not necessarily wiser than students. They hear the truth first and then later, and each has his own expertise in knowledge and skills, that's all.

This sentence is a further conclusion that can be reached logically and naturally after using the teacher's functions to make theoretical arguments and using Confucius's words and deeds to make factual arguments. This conclusion is a deepening of "the existence of Tao, the existence of teachers", and a further criticism of the scholar-bureaucrats' disdain for learning from teachers. It shows that the relationship between teachers and students is relative, and teaching and learning can mutually benefit each other. This sentence starts with "that's why" and ends with "that's all." It simplifies the complex and is incisive and far-sighted.

Teacher talks PPT, part 4: multi-dimensional exploration

Although this article is an article that encourages people to learn from teachers, it reflects Han Yu's profound understanding of the issue of "following teachers". In what aspects is this profound understanding reflected?

Tip: Han Yu's profound understanding of the issue of "following the teacher" in "Teacher's Theory" is reflected in at least three aspects. First, it breaks through the limitations of ordinary people's understanding of the role of teachers. It expands the concept of "accepting karma" from "teaching books and learning to read their sentences" to "preaching" and "solving doubts", and clearly states that "teachers are teachers, so they also preach and learn karma and resolve doubts." This comprehensive and new definition of the role of teachers was a remarkable progress at the time and is still of practical significance today. The second is to address the concept of family status of the upper-class "scholar-bureaucrat family", and clearly put forward a new concept of the way of following a teacher: "There is no high or low, no long or short, the existence of the Tao is the existence of the teacher": following the teacher means learning the Tao. Only "Tao" is a question. Anyone who hears Tao, regardless of whether he is high or low, old or young, can be a teacher. This groundbreaking new concept has opened up a vast field for teachers. Third, under the guidance of the viewpoint of "the existence of the Tao, the existence of the teacher", starting from the objective fact that "there is a priority in learning the Tao, and there is a specialization in the art", it is deduced that "the disciple does not have to be inferior to the teacher, and the teacher does not have to be better than the disciple". This point of view shows that the relationship between teachers and students is relative, that teaching and learning can complement each other, and shines with the brilliance of simple dialectical materialism.

Teacher’s PPT, Part 5: Aesthetic Appreciation

The colorful language “becomes more vivid”

The article "Shi Shuo" is full of vivid discussion due to its colorful language.

(1) Simple expression. For example, the six words "preaching, receiving karma and solving doubts" extremely accurately and profoundly clarify the three major responsibilities of teachers and their interrelationships: "preaching" is the core, "accepting karma" is the purpose, and "solving doubts" is the means. No matter how the times change and the content of "Tao" changes, "accepting karma and resolving doubts" remains unchanged.

(2) The combination of whole and scattered parts.

Han Yu's prose is known for its vigorous momentum and powerful writing, which is reflected in his frequent use of parallelism and dual sentence patterns. This style of his has also been fully reflected in this article. For example, in the second paragraph, "The ancient saints were far away from others, so they still asked if they were teachers" and "Today's people are also far away from the saints, but they are ashamed to learn from their teachers" are paired sentences. Next, "The saint is the saint, and the fool is also the fool. The reason why the saint is a saint, and the reason why the fool is a fool, are all due to this" is a loose sentence. In this long prose sentence, "the saint is the saint, and the fool is also the fool" and "the reason why the saint is holy, the reason why the fool is stupid" are both paired sentences.

(3) Use it seriously.

Dingzhen means using the ending word of the previous sentence as the beginning of the next sentence. There are many sentence patterns like this in this article, such as the first few sentences: "Scholars in ancient times must have teachers. Teachers, so they preach and learn karma to solve doubts. People are not born with knowledge, how can they be free from doubts? If you are confused, you will not follow the teacher..." The use of this sentence structure strengthens the connection between sentences and makes the discussion interlocking and tight.

(4) Rich tone.

Rich tone expressions can enhance the vividness of the article. This article is quite successful in this regard. For example, using modal particles such as "嗟HU" and "woohoo" to strengthen the exclamation, using descriptive sentences such as "He is similar to that year, and the way is similar" to vividly describe the demeanor of the "family of scholar-bureaucrats", and using "That's all" "Such a statement indicates that the conclusion is beyond doubt. In the second paragraph of the article, three sets of comparisons are used to reveal the unwiseness of "it is shameful to learn from the teacher". The conclusion is the same, but the tone is different. "The reason why saints are saints and the reason why fools are fools are all due to this" is a conjecture tone; "I have not seen the obvious result from elementary school" is a judgment tone; Gentlemen despise people, but now their wisdom is beyond their reach, so it’s strange,” was the exclamation tone. These intricately changed sentences make the discussion more vivid and the reasoning more profound.

The teacher talks about PPT, part six: beautiful reading of the text

Read Han Yu

Liang Heng

Han Yu is the head of the "Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties", and it is true that his articles are good. Therefore, my reading of Han Yu and his works began with reading Han Yu and his works. Even the memorials he wrote were more refined than those of ordinary officials. They were particularly moving in terms of reason and emotion, and the words were sonorous and powerful. His article "Admonition to Welcome the Buddha's Bone Table" has an awe-inspiring atmosphere and dedication that does not fear ghosts and does not believe in evil. However, the more Han Yu expressed his loyalty with all his heart and mind, the more Xianzong felt that he was resisting the dragon's face, peeling off the dragon's scales, and being treasonous. So he was kicked out of the capital with a loud shout and demoted to Chaozhou, a seaside city 8,000 miles away, to be a minor local official.

Han Yu's derogation was a major setback in his life. Because this is different from ordinary adversity and ordinary dissatisfaction, it is much more serious than Li Bai's failure to meet his talents and Liu Yong's repeated attempts to fail. They were just climbing a mountain without a path. Han Yu had already reached the top of the mountain and was suddenly pushed into the bottomless abyss. One can imagine his bad mood. He wrote the famous poem when he was crossing Lan Pass:

A letter was sent to Jiuzhongtian in the morning, and was demoted to eight thousand people on Chaozhou Road in the evening.

If you want to eliminate bad things for the saint, you are willing to cherish your remaining years.

Where is my home in the Qinling Mountains? The snow holds the blue and the horse stops moving forward.

I know you came from afar with your own intentions, so that you could come back to me by the Gumiasma River.

This was written to his grandnephew who came to see him, and his coldness of mind was evident. However, when he arrived in Chaozhou, he found that the local situation was even worse than his mood. In terms of climate, water and soil, this place is relatively wealthy, but due to its remote location and backward culture, there are many bad governance and bad habits. Farming methods are primitive, rural schools are not developed, and it is common for wealthy people to keep slaves. Seeing this scene, Han Yu was shocked. We were both the holy land of the Tang Dynasty and the people of the Tang Dynasty. How could we bear to leave this corner and turn a blind eye and not save it? He felt that with his knowledge and ability, he could do something for the local people, and he felt that he was better than the common people. This little injustice and this little pain of my own is nothing. So after he took office, just like a new official taking office, he did four things in succession. The first is to drive away crocodiles and eliminate their harm. The second is to build water conservancy projects and promote advanced farming techniques in the north. The third is to redeem slaves and maidservants. He ordered that slaves could pay their debts with wages. If the money and debts were offset, the person would be free. Those who failed to pay could be redeemed with money, and they would not be allowed to keep slaves in the future. The fourth is to establish education, recruit teachers, build schools, and even "use the correct pronunciation as the teachings of the trendy people." When he was convicted of a crime in Haiyu, he still cared about the people, which is really commendable.

Teacher talks about PPT, part 7: material accumulation

Education is a major matter related to the national economy and people's livelihood. The attitude of the people towards education is related to whether a country can produce talents and successors. As the first article that clearly explains the responsibilities of teachers, calls attention to education, and focuses on learning from teachers, "Teacher's Statement" is of great significance both in the Tang Dynasty and today.

●Confucius is the earliest educator in China. The Analects of Confucius records mostly how Confucius preached and solved doubts, but rarely how he taught students to read and write. It can be seen that learning was originally for seeking truth or solving doubts. I don’t know since when, learning has become mainly about learning the words and sentences of textbooks, and gradually lost the original purpose. Nowadays, this situation has become more prominent. , or not." Han Yu believed that this was "a legacy of elementary school". This approach of "catching sesame seeds and losing watermelons" is very unwise.

●Han Yu was demoted to Chaozhou for his "Admonition to Ying Buddha's Bone Table" and suddenly entered a low point in his life and career. However, he did not just dwell on the banks of the river and lament the difficulties on the Shu Road like Qu Yuan and Li Bai. In this aspect alone, he is smarter than Qu Yuan and Li Bai. He does not care about the smallness of the sea and does not seek to show his achievements. He just devotes himself to the people and strives for success in his heart. Some people have studied that before Han Yu, there were only three Jinshi in Chaozhou. After Han Yu, by the Southern Song Dynasty, the number of Jinshi had reached 172, which was due to his great education. In that era when it was shameful to be a teacher, Han Yu bravely stood up and wrote the famous article discussing the way of teachers in the history of education in my country - "Teachers' Theory".

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Update Time: 2024-09-30

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