"Frontier of the Universe" PPT

Description

"Frontier of the Universe" PPT

Part One Content: New Course Reading Assistance

This article is excerpted from Carl Sagan's "Cosmos". It is a popular science explanatory article about the exploration of the universe, and it is also a commentary for a large-scale TV film. The author uses exquisite language to show people the vastness and mystery of the universe, inspiring people's strong desire to explore the universe. In fact, our ancestors once thought that the universe was a small spherical celestial body, which included the earth and some other smaller luminous bodies. Even after Copernicus discovered that the Earth was not the center of the universe, people still held the same view. It was not until 1718 that people realized the error of this view and abandoned the finite theory of the universe. From then on, a vast and magnificent picture of the universe was finally revealed before people's eyes.

After 1948, American astronomer Gamow and others proposed the big bang theory. This theory believes that the evolution of the universe is like a huge explosion. About 15 billion years ago, all the matter in the universe was highly concentrated at one point and had an extremely high temperature, so a huge explosion occurred. After the Big Bang, matter began to expand outward, forming the universe we see today. In recent years, a group of Western astronomers have published new conclusions about "the universe has no beginning and no end." Based on mankind's current understanding of the "universe", the author of this article talks about this complex celestial system in a simple and profound way, which makes people enjoy the beauty of reading and stimulates poetic associations.

★Carl Sagan (1934-1996), American scientist and popular science writer. He is the author of popular science and scientific cultural books such as "Cosmic Connection", "Dragon of Eden", "Comet", "Dim Blue Dot", "Devil-Haunted World", etc., and enjoys the reputation of "an artist who performs science".

★Commentary is an applied style of writing that explains, explains, and introduces characters, pictures, exhibits, or tourist attractions. Use the form of oral or written explanation, or introduce the character's experience, identity, contribution, social evaluation, etc., or explain the characteristics, shape, cause, relationship, function, etc. of things.

The Frontier of the Universe, Part 2: Autonomous Sorting

1. Zhuziyin

2.Write Chinese characters

3. Interpret the meaning of words

Majestic: (awesome) grand.

Brilliant: Describes pearls and jade with bright brilliance.

Abundant talents: describes a lot of talents.

Very happy with great achievements: No matter whether conditions permit or not, one wants to do great things and achieve great achievements (mostly derogatory meaning).

Continuous flow: (pedestrians, cars and horses, etc.) as continuous as water.

Vast and boundless: describing something very broad and boundless.

4. Identify usage

(1) dying, in danger

① Stars that emit yellow light are common stars that have reached middle age; stars that emit red light are often dying old stars; and stars that emit white or black light are dying.

②In the early Spring and Autumn Period, the powerful Qi State attacked the weak Lu State, and the Lu State was in a precarious situation.

Tip: Both words mean "very critical", but the emphasis of the meaning is different. "Dying", breathing weakly, leaving only a weak breath. Describes approaching death, and also metaphors the imminent demise, annihilation or destruction of things. "Dangerous" means extremely dangerous. Precarious means very dangerous, about to overturn or perish.

The Frontier of the Universe, Part 3: Comments on Segments

1. The universe is like this now, it was like this in the past, and it will always be like this in the future.

Comment: The "this" here refers to the fact that the universe is always running according to its own laws and is not affected by anyone. It's always been like this. The vastness and vastness of the universe cannot be changed by anyone. It is precisely with such characteristics and such special "charm" that it attracts us to continue to understand it and guides us to continue to explore its mysteries. This sentence is placed at the beginning of the article to pave the way for the following explanation.

2. When we explore the universe, we must have the courage to doubt and be imaginative.

Comment: This is about the huge role of doubt and imagination in exploring the universe. Because the universe is very mysterious, with elegant facts, intricate relationships, and subtle mechanisms, the author believes that the conditions for exploring the universe are doubt and imagination. Because "Imagination can often lead us to a new realm. Without imagination, we will hit walls everywhere. Doubt can free us from fantasy and test our speculations."

3. Instinct tells us that we were born in this sea. We are eager to return home. Although our long-cherished hopes may offend the "gods", I believe we are not making senseless fantasies.

Comment: "Instinct" is an innate ability, which refers to people's intuitive feeling of nature. The author used a series of metaphors in this sentence, comparing the entire universe to the "sea", comparing exploring the universe to "returning home", and comparing the mystery of the universe to "gods". These sentences speak of humankind’s responsibility, desire, significance and confidence in exploring the universe. Human beings have an urgent desire to explore the universe. Although they will inevitably encounter various difficulties and setbacks in the process, this kind of exploration is still very meaningful.

4. "After some wanderings" to "We are taking control of our own destiny in the midst of pain and insecurity."

Comment: This paragraph indicates the writing style of the article: the author first writes from the center of the known universe, slowly approaches the earth, and finally returns to the earth. "The earth is our home, our mother. Human beings are born and grow here, and mature here." This highlights the earth's great role in human beings and expresses the author's praise of the earth. "Pain" and "uneasiness" express the depressed psychology of human beings who have little understanding of the mysteries of the universe, thus stimulating the desire to continue exploring.

The Frontier of the Universe, Part 4: Multidimensional Exploration

1. The author is like an excellent tour guide, taking us to travel in the vast universe, and understand the universe galaxies (galaxy groups, sub-galaxies) - stars - solar system - planets in sequence. What are the benefits of this order of instructions?

Tip: This order of explanation has the following advantages: (1) Jump out of the universe and explain it as a purely objective explanation object, so that it can be introduced more clearly and intuitively. (2) The spatial scale goes from large to small, allowing readers to understand the whole, and then go deep into the details to understand the details. This way, the order is clear and the levels are clear, which is in line with the readers' thinking habits. (3) From the vast universe, through endless space, and finally back to the home of mankind, this is a process of exploration and discovery, which reflects mankind's admiration for the universe and enthusiasm for "controlling our own destiny." "The future of mankind depends on how well we understand the universe." Looking back from the universe to the earth is the future of mankind. The order of explanation is consistent with the author's thoughts.

2. Today, human exploration of the universe has become an important part of life. So, what is the author’s view on the universe and human exploration?

Tip: The author believes that the universe is vast and mysterious. The earth where humans live is just a drop in the ocean of the universe, "its existence may only be meaningful to us." The universe does not exist because of the earth and the humans living on the earth, but the future of mankind depends on the degree of understanding of the universe. Human beings are small or even insignificant to the universe, "just a speck of dust flying in the morning sky"; most of the issues that humans care about are even more trivial and meaningless to the universe; but human exploration of the universe It is instinctive, it is the responsibility that human beings must bear due to their wisdom, and it is also the hope of human beings for the future. Human beings have the courage and quality needed to explore the universe. Human beings use their small bodies and short lives to explore the vast universe, which makes human life have great significance.

The Frontier of the Universe, Part Five: Aesthetic Appreciation

Beautiful language and vivid explanations

This article shows us the vastness of the universe, the mysteries of the universe, and the long history of the universe in simple and easy-to-understand language. Some people believe that "there has never been any popular science work that is so grand and beautiful, and touches the depths of the soul like a great literary work."

Using metaphors, the entire universe is compared to the "sea" and the surface of the earth is compared to the "cosmic ocean shore", which is vivid and can better reflect the boundlessness of the universe. Compare our exploration of the universe to "wading into the sea." Compare galaxies to "shells" - moving finds - to "corals" - eternal products. Compare people on the earth to "dust" and use the smallness of "dust" to set off the size and vastness of the universe.

The use of personification, such as "some of them are lonely wanderers, most of them are clustered together, huddled together, floating in the dark night of the universe", the image is appropriate, and it can allow readers to imagine these galaxies more deeply state of existence. Another example is "The sea water is charming, the sea is calling to us." The word "calling" appropriately expresses our yearning for the universe. The sea is like a mother, calling her children to understand more deeply. she.

The language of the article is full of emotion and literary. For example, "Just thinking about the universe... is as dizzying and shuddering as recalling a slip on a cliff long ago." Use "dizziness and shuddering" to describe people's excitement when facing the many mysteries of the universe. Another example is the last paragraph of the article, "Here are oxygen-filled blue skies, rippling blue oceans, cool forests, and soft grass." Parallel sentences are used to express the author's love and praise for the earth.

The author uses some classic and philosophical language, which adds a lot of color to the article. For example, "Curiosity is human nature, understanding is a pleasure, and knowledge is a prerequisite for survival."

The Frontier of the Universe, Part Six: Beautiful Readings

"Citizens of the Earth" commentary (excerpt)

Since we all live on the same earth, we are all called "earth residents". The term "Earth dweller" does not include sexism, racism, or speciesism. It includes every living thing on earth.

We know that humans are not the only species on this planet, but live and develop together with millions of other creatures. However, among all the inhabitants of the earth, only human beings attempt to dominate everything. For a long time, we have called speciesism a practice that treats other fellow creatures like mindless objects.

Like racial discrimination and sexism, speciesism is a kind of prejudice, or an unfair attitude towards other groups in order to safeguard the selfish interests of one's own group. If a life is harmed, but there is no moral standard to prompt people to reflect on this behavior, then, no matter what form the life is, according to the principle of equality, this kind of harm will also happen to other life forms equally. When the interests of racists conflict with other races, they destroy the principle of equality for self-interest; sexists destroy the principle of equality for the interests of people of the same gender. Likewise, speciesists place the interests of their own species above the interests of all other species. All of the above prejudices and inequalities have different contents, but have the same pattern.

In the human family, we agree with such a moral standard: every individual life should be respected. However, when the strong treat the weak as disrespectful objects, this moral standard of mutual respect is destroyed.

The Frontier of the Universe, Part Seven: Material Accumulation

In the vast universe, the earth is an insignificant little dot. And what a long process it has taken for people in such a small spot to understand this eternal truth! Geocentrism, heliocentrism, big bang theory, black hole theory, etc. As our understanding of the universe deepens, we should cherish our homeland, the earth, more and love scientists who explore the universe even more.

●In the article "The Frontier of the Universe", there is such a set of numbers. I wonder if it has aroused your imagination: "There are hundreds of billions (1011) galaxies in the universe. Each galaxy is composed of an average of 100 billion stars. In In all galaxies, the number of planets is approximately the same as the total number of stars, that is, 1011 × 1011 = 1022", and "the chance that we attach or fall next to a planet is only one in 1033." Judging from current observations, there is no star as beautiful as our earth that we can reach. So, why don’t we cherish our home planet? Why don’t we protect the green mountains, green water and blue sky that we rely on for survival?

●From the perspective of the vast universe, the universe is great, but the galaxy we are in is small; from the perspective of our galaxy, whether it is the "Local Galaxy Group" that is millions of light-years wide, or there are 400 billion The Milky Way of various stars is great, but the earth we are on is small; and compared to this earth with a history of 4.6 billion years, our limited life of less than a hundred years seems even smaller. Therefore, no matter how great our achievements are, it is not great, and no matter how great our losses are, it is not so great. We have no need to be complacent and have no reason to be depressed. But in such a great time and space, we are lucky enough to have been here, which is the most fortunate and joyful thing.

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Update Time: 2024-11-22

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