"Encouraging Learning" "*Teacher's Talk" PPT

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"Encouraging Learning" "*Teacher's Talk" PPT

The first part: independent learning before class

Encouraging Learning

1. Know the author

The last representative of Pre-Qin Confucianism——Xunzi

Xunzi (about 313 BC - 238 BC), named Kuang and courtesy name Qing, was a native of Zhao during the Warring States Period. A famous thinker, writer, politician, and one of the representatives of Confucianism, he was respectfully called "Xun Qing" by people at the time. He served as the wine sacrificial minister of Jixia Academy of Qi State three times, and later the order of Chu Lanling (today's Lanling, Shandong). Xunzi developed Confucian thought and made considerable contributions to the reorganization of Confucian classics.

[Companion Reading] ①Jixia Academy was a academy built by the monarch of Qi near the capital. "Jijiu" refers to the head of Jixia Academy, which is equivalent to the current "principal".

2. Know the background

Xunzi traveled to Qi when he was fifty years old, and offered wine to Jixia Academy three times. Jijiu is the highest officer of the academy. The third is to offer wine, which shows that he has been in charge of Jixia Academy for a long time. ② Jixia Academy is an institution specially designed for studying and teaching in Qi State. Teachers come from all over the country and students come from all over the world. Requiring students to get jobs and study is an important issue for Jijiu to consider. In addition, Xunzi believed that human nature is inherently evil, and people must be transformed by the outside world before they can become polite. For this reason, Xunzi wrote the famous work "Encouragement to Learning" handed down from generation to generation.

[Companion Reading] ②He is the last master of Jixia Academy.

3. Expand knowledge

Xunzi's thoughts and ideas

Xunzi was the last representative figure of Pre-Qin Confucianism. He criticized and summarized the academic thoughts of pre-Qin scholars and developed ancient materialism. Xunzi disagreed with Mencius' theory of "good nature" and advocated the "theory of evil nature", believing that both people and things can change, and those who can "know clearly and act without fault".

He opposed the superstitious belief in destiny, ghosts and gods, affirmed that the laws of nature are independent of human will, and put forward the idea that man can conquer nature by "controlling destiny and using it".

He emphasized the role of education and etiquette, and advocated the use of both "law" and "ritual" to govern the world. ③

[Companion Reading] ③Xunzi emphasized the combination of etiquette and law. No wonder a great Confucian cultivated two Legalists - Han Fei and Li Si.

Part 2: Construction and exploration of task groups

text construction

Encouraging Learning

Summary of main themes

Focusing on the central argument that "learning cannot be stopped", this article uses examples and metaphors to vividly and profoundly discuss the importance of learning and the attitude towards learning, explaining that learning can increase talents and cultivate moral character, and that learning must be diligent. The principles of accumulation, perseverance, and concentration.

*Teacher said

Summary of main themes

By comparing the styles of teaching and learning in ancient and modern times, the article discusses the role of teachers and the reasons for studying under teachers, explains the principle that capable people should be teachers, criticizes the culture of scholar-bureaucrats who are ashamed of being teachers, and praises the culture of workers who are willing to learn from teachers.

Task exploration

Task 1: Clear contrast and rigorous argumentation - comparative argumentation of reading articles

Mission guidance

Comparative argument is a commonly used and persuasive argument method. The argumentation method that contrasts and compares two things and then deduce the differences between them so that the conclusion can be reflected is also called the comparative method. The characteristics and essence of things are most easily revealed in comparison, especially the comparison of positive and negative things that are opposite to each other, which is extremely distinctive and can leave a deep impression on people. After comparison, the correct argument is more solid.

Part Three: Task Design

1. Both articles in this lesson use the method of comparative argument to demonstrate their opinions. Please give examples respectively.

The fourth paragraph of the answer "Encouraging Learning" is elaborated using the method of positive and negative contrast. It is inferred from "accumulation of soil" and "accumulation of water" to "people's accumulation of virtue". It discusses the role of accumulation in a positive way and concludes that learning achievements are continuously accumulated. of. "Don't accumulate small steps" and "Don't accumulate small flows" illustrate from the opposite side that if you don't accumulate, you will not be able to achieve ambitious goals. This is the first level of this paragraph, which explains that learning must be accumulated. The comparison between "Qi Ji" and "Rong Ma" shows that the quality of subjective conditions is not the decisive factor in learning, and perseverance is the key to learning well; the comparison between "Perseverance" and "Perseverance" illustrates that only perseverance and perseverance can achieve success. Something will be accomplished. The two metaphors of earthworms and crabs contrast with each other, explaining that accumulation requires concentration.

In the second paragraph of "Teacher's Theory", three sets of comparisons are used to focus on criticizing the bad habit of "scholar-officials" who are ashamed of being teachers.

① Comparing "the saints of ancient times" with "people today", we come to the conclusion that "the saints benefit the saints, and the fools benefit the fools. The reason why the saints are saints and the reason why fools are fools are all due to this", which is full of doubts. Tone, simply say that the cause of the saintly fool is whether he is a disciple or not;

② Comparing "If you love your son, choose a teacher and teach him" and "If you treat your son personally, you will be ashamed of the teacher", we can conclude that "if you don't know how to read a sentence, if you don't understand the confusion, you may be a teacher, or you may not be a teacher." The conclusion "I haven't seen it clearly yet" has an affirmative tone, which satirizes the scholar-bureaucrats in studying the issue of being a teacher rather than learning a lesson;

③ Comparing "a man of witch doctors, musicians, and craftsmen who is not ashamed to be a physiognomist" with "a clan of scholar-bureaucrats, who say "master" to "disciple", they will gather in groups and laugh at them", it can be concluded that "the teacher's way is no longer restored, it can be known. Witchcraft The conclusion of "a man who is a doctor, musician, and master of all kinds of skills, is looked down upon by a gentleman, but now his wisdom is beyond his reach, and it is strange that he is ridiculous." It has an ironic tone and satirizes the vain, self-destructive, pedantic and ridiculous thoughts and behaviors of scholar-bureaucrats.

2. (Extension) The two articles "Encouraging Learning" and "Teacher's Statement" both use comparative argumentation in their argumentation methods. According to the analysis of the examples below, choose your own arguments and write a fragment using the method of contrastive argumentation. (no less than 200 words)

Example: If you persevere, the rotten wood will not break; if you persevere, the metal and stone can be carved.

Analysis: negative + positive → comparison point

Writing application: _______________________________________________

Answer: (Example) Maybe some people are born to compete with others. What they compete for is fame, profit, a moment of vanity, and eternal deception. Su Dongpo was such a person before. With his full talent and learning, he won an official position, won honors, won fame, and won a group of friends. But when fate pushed him to the lowest point in his life, everything came to nothing. "I have never seen a single word of my relatives or friends in my life, and even if I have a book, I won't answer him. I am lucky to be a commoner." At this point, he realized that "I don't have anything that belongs to me, even if I don't take any of it", so he gave up his pride in relying on his talents and put down his ambition for fame and fortune. Only then did he have "a bright but not dazzling brilliance. "A kind of sound that is round but not greasy to the ears", "a kind of indifference that washes away the extreme, a kind of solidity that does not need to be announced". The word "release" led a mysterious sky light to Huangzhou, and "Niannujiao·Chibi Nostalgia" and the "Chibi Fu" before and after were born.

Part 4: Task Group Reading and Practice

Read the following three materials and complete the following learning tasks.

Material 1 Jin Pinggong asked Yu Shikuang: "I am seventy years old. I want to learn, but I am afraid it is already late!" Shi Kuang said: "Why not Bingzhu?" Pinggong said: "How can you be a minister and play with your king?" Shi Kuang said: "How dare I, a blind minister, play tricks on his emperor? I heard that: 'When you are young, you are eager to learn, like the rising sun; when you are strong, you are eager to learn, like the light in the sun; when you are old, you are eager to learn, like the brightness of a candle." "With the brightness of the candle, who is doing it with ignorance?" The duke said, "How good it is!"

("Shi Kuang Encourages Learning")

Material two

The lights are on at three o'clock and the chicken is on at five o'clock, which is when men are studying.

Black-haired people don't know how to study diligently early, and white-haired people regret studying late.

(Yan Zhenqing's "Encouraging Learning")

Material 3: Skills are not innate, they must be acquired through learning and practice. In today's era, the knowledge update cycle has been greatly shortened, and all kinds of new knowledge, new situations, and new things emerge in endlessly. In the agricultural era, a person could study for a lifetime by studying for a few years; in the era of industrial economy, a person could study for more than ten years, which would last a lifetime; in the era of knowledge economy, a person must study for a lifetime in order to keep up with the times. footsteps. If we do not strive to improve our knowledge literacy in all aspects, do not consciously learn various scientific and cultural knowledge, and do not take the initiative to speed up knowledge updating, optimize the knowledge structure, and broaden our horizons, it will be difficult to enhance our abilities, and there will be no way to gain the initiative and gain advantages. , win the future.

(Xi Jinping "Relying on Learning to Move to the Future")

1. Translate the underlined sentences.

Bingzhu's brightness, who is guilty of ignorance?

Answer: Which is better, walking with a lit candle or walking in the dark?

2. What are the similarities in the methods of "encouraging learning" between Material 1 and Xunzi's "Encouraging Learning"?

Answer: Material 1 and Xunzi's "Encouraging Learning" both use metaphors. Material 1: Shi Kuang advises the monarch to study by candlelight. He vividly compares the three stages of life, namely youth, adulthood and old age, to the rising sun, the scorching sun in the sky and the light of candles respectively. In the article "Encouraging Learning", Xunzi used various metaphors such as positive metaphors, positive and negative metaphors, and negative metaphors to explain the important role of learning and the attitudes and methods that should be used in learning.

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Update Time: 2024-09-21

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