"Analyzing the Structural Characteristics and Argumentation Methods of Argumentative Texts" Core Competencies Research PPT

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"Analyzing the Structural Characteristics and Argumentation Methods of Argumentative Texts" Core Competencies Research PPT

The first part of the content: sorting out the text test points

Sorting angle: analyze the structural characteristics of argumentative texts

The basic structure of exposition text is introduction (proposing questions or arguments), thesis (analyzing problems) and conclusion (solving problems). There are total scores, juxtapositions, and layers between each level of the thesis part. progress, or comparison, etc. To judge the relationship between each layer, you can grasp key sentences such as introductory sentences, concluding sentences, and transitional sentences.

Text example: The first paragraph of "The Opposition Party's Eight-legged Composition" is an introduction, which proposes the topic of this article: We will also imitate the writing style of the Eight-Part Composition article and create an "Eight-legged Composition" to fight fire with fire. Let's call it the Eight Sins. Then comes the thesis, which is divided into eight parts to make a detailed analysis of the problem. There is a parallel relationship between these eight parts. The last paragraph is the conclusion.

Sorting out the perspective: Argumentation methods and their functions in appreciating argumentative texts

1. Illustration method. The illustration method is to cite examples to demonstrate arguments, and is a commonly used method in argumentative texts. Of course, the examples must be typical and credible, otherwise it will be counterproductive.

Text example: "Opposition Party stereotypes" discusses the first crime of the Party stereotypes - empty words without substance, and lists a speech by Stalin. Although this speech is of great significance, it is not long, which makes the party The "long and empty" nature of eight-part essays is revealed, which effectively proves the author's point of view.

2. Citation method. The citation method is an argumentation method that uses classic quotations, conventional market remarks, etc. as arguments to prove an argument. It makes reasoning more profound, thorough and persuasive.

Text example: "Opposing Party stereotypes" When discussing the second charge of stereotyped Party writing, the author quoted Lu Xun's saying that "abuse and intimidation are by no means fighting." This sentence is a blow to the Party stereotype of "pretending to scare people."

3. Comparative argument method. The comparative argumentation method is an argumentation method that contrasts and compares two things and then deduce the differences between them to make the conclusion stand out. It reveals the essence of things and makes the explanations more profound and convincing.

Text example: Lu Xun's "Using-ism" contrasts "Using-ism" and "Giving-ism" to explain the advantages of "Using-ism" and the harm of "Giving-ism", thus strengthening the "Using-ism" "The persuasiveness makes readers willing to accept the idea of ​​"use doctrine" from the bottom of their hearts.

4. Metaphorical argument method. Metaphorical argumentation is an argumentation method that uses familiar things as metaphors to prove the point of an article. It can make the article clear and simple, vividly prove the point of view, make the point of view clearer and easier for readers to understand.

Text example: In "Usageism", the author uses "shark fin" to describe the essence of cultural heritage, "opium" to describe the coexistence of essence and dross, and "smoking gun and lantern" to describe the old forms of cultural heritage. Use "aunt" as a metaphor for corrupt and obscene things. All these metaphors explain how to "select" clearly and concretely.

5. Argument by analogy. Argument by analogy is an argument method that proves an argument by comparing a known thing with something that has some of the same characteristics as it. It has the characteristics of image and vividness that other argumentation methods do not have. It is easy for readers to understand the truth through the image and accept the point of view argued by the author.

Text example: "Abuseism" draws an analogy between China's sendingism and Nietzsche's claim to be the sun with infinite light and heat, vividly revealing the harm of sending awayism.

Analyze the structural characteristics and argumentation methods of argumentative texts PPT, the second part of the content: Research on college entrance examination literacy

【Study on Examples】

(2018·National Volume III) Read the following text and complete questions 1 to 3. (9 points)

For cities, civilized flexibility is the comprehensive state and comprehensive ability of an urban body in terms of survival, innovation, adaptation, and resilience. It is the link between publicity and privateness, between diversity and commonality, stability and change. The dynamic harmony between flexibility and rigidity, whether it is too soft and loose, or too rigid and dense, is a manifestation of insufficient or loss of elasticity, and is a symptom of a crisis in the urban body. Contemporary urban society needs to pay special attention to the following issues of civilizational flexibility.

First, space flexibility. An important manifestation of the city's good spatial flexibility is that the relationship between private and public space can be handled reasonably. Any urban space is the unity of privateness and publicity. The core issue of spatial flexibility is how to realize the organic unity and concrete transformation of the publicity and privateness of space. One-sided emphasis on the public nature of space or one-sided emphasis on the private nature of space will make urban development lose its foundation. At present, people demand more privacy of space and focus on solidifying space into eternal private property and possession. This tendency of space solidification with privatization as its core has resulted in insufficient flexibility of urban space and is becoming an important reason restricting urban development.

Second, institutional flexibility. An ideal and flexible urban system is one that can achieve a relative balance between order and vitality, survival and development. Cities have their own development cycles and stages. For a rising city, its main task is to gather more development resources and activate development vitality. For an already developed city, people will pay more attention to the city. The stabilizing function of the system. But the problem is that even a rising city needs to face the problem of order and stability; even a city that has already developed needs to face the problem of activating new vitality. Too much emphasis on a certain form of urban system and too much emphasis on a certain goal of the urban system are manifestations of the lack of flexibility and rigidity of the urban system, which will hinder urban development.

Third, meaning flexibility. The so-called elasticity of meaning in a city means that the city can simultaneously meet the different levels of meaning needs of diverse groups of people, and can make different meanings and values ​​achieve balance and harmony as a whole, and continuously form specific common meanings. When a city allows only one kind of meaning to exist, it may prosper for a while, but it will inevitably decline. When a city can only satisfy the meaning pursuit and meaning needs of a certain type of people, the city will often lose its vitality. When an urban body is solidified by a certain type of meaning system, the urban body often does not have comprehensive absorption and development potential. The one-sidedness of enlightenment, rationalism, secularism, and sanctity will all lead to the weakening of the elasticity of urban meaning and will fundamentally endanger the healthy and sustainable development of the city.

To sum up, maintaining the spatial flexibility, institutional flexibility, and meaning flexibility of the city, and based on this, grasping the typological composition and history of the city, and constructing a community of urban destiny is of great significance to the healthy development of urban society.

(Excerpted from Chen Zhong's "Urban Society: Diversity of Civilizations and a Community of Shared Future")

Analyzing the structural features and argumentation methods of argumentative texts PPT, the third part: [Reading Demonstration]

1. Thinking development and quality - analyze the structural characteristics of argumentative texts.

The first paragraph is an introduction, expressing his own views on "civilization flexibility"; paragraphs 2-4 are the main thesis, which analyzes "civilization flexibility" from three aspects: "space flexibility", "system flexibility" and "meaning flexibility". Specific analysis and discussion. The last paragraph is the conclusion, pointing out the significance of maintaining the city's spatial flexibility, institutional flexibility, and meaning flexibility.

2. Aesthetic Appreciation and Creation - Appreciating the argumentation methods and functions of argumentative texts.

The article uses the method of positive and negative contrastive arguments when discussing "civilization flexibility", "space flexibility", "system flexibility" and "meaning flexibility", thus giving people a more comprehensive and profound understanding of "civilization flexibility".

Analyzing the structural characteristics and argumentation methods of argumentative texts PPT, the fourth part: [Real Exam Practice]

1. Regarding the following understanding and analysis of the content of the original text, which one is correct (3 points) (Testing aesthetic appreciation: understanding and analysis of the content of the article) ()

A. The core problem of current urban spatial flexibility is the lack of organic unity, which makes urban development lose its foundation.

B. Developed cities and rising cities both face the problem of activating vitality, and both need institutional flexibility.

C. The meaning of the city is different for different groups of people, and the city needs an abstract commonality of meaning.

D. Among many reasons, the insufficient flexibility of space, system and meaning is the fundamental reason affecting urban development.

[Analysis] Choose B. This question tests the ability to filter and integrate information in the text. Item A, treating assumptions as reality, the second paragraph of the original text says: "The core issue of spatial flexibility is how to realize the organic unity and concrete transformation of the public and private nature of space. One-sided emphasis on the public nature of space or one-sided emphasis on space The private nature of space will cause urban development to lose its foundation." The "core problem" mentioned is not the actual situation, and the original text only said that the current private nature of space is restricting the development of the city, and the option "making urban development lose the foundation" is an exaggeration. Item C misinterprets the meaning of the text. The fourth paragraph of the original text says: "The so-called elasticity of meaning in a city refers to the city's ability to simultaneously meet the different levels of meaning needs of diverse groups of people, and to enable different meanings and values ​​to be achieved as a whole.

to balance and harmony, and continuously form specific common meanings. "It does not require "abstract commonality of meaning." Item D is a misinterpretation of the text. The last paragraph of the original text says: "Maintaining the spatial flexibility, institutional flexibility, and meaning flexibility of the city... is important for the healthy development of urban society. significant. "It can be seen that "significant" is not the "fundamental reason".

2. Among the following relevant analyzes of the original argument, which one is incorrect (3 points) (Testing the development and quality of thinking: analysis of the argumentation method and structure of the article) ()

A. In the process of theoretical argumentation, the article mentions the current situation that space is solidified by privateness, which has a realistic direction.

B. The article distinguishes between the levels of civilization flexibility and the stages of urban development, with a clear argumentation structure.

C. The article focuses on analyzing the pros and cons of specific concepts and the corresponding dynamic development process, which has a dialectical meaning.

D. The article uses the concept of "civilization flexibility" to demonstrate the important path to constructing a community of urban destiny.

[Analysis] Choose C. This question tests the ability to analyze the arguments, arguments, argument structure and methods of the article. The options are partial and comprehensive, and there is no analysis of the "corresponding dynamic development process" of the specific concept of "meaning elasticity".

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Update Time: 2024-09-30

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