Download free PPT courseware of "Teacher's Guide"

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Download free PPT courseware of "Teacher's Guide"

Part One: Learning Objectives

1. Understand relevant common sense and accumulate and master the meaning and usage of key content words and function words.

2. Understand the content of this article, clarify the behavioral ideas, and understand Zhuge Liang's political opinions and the purpose of the above table.

3. Deeply understand Zhuge Liang's high integrity and enhance his sense of responsibility and mission.

PPT on how to learn from others, part two: introduction of the author

Zhuge Liang (181-234), courtesy name Kongming and nickname Wolong, was a native of Yangdu, Langya (now Yinan, Shandong). He was the prime minister of the Shu Han Dynasty during the Three Kingdoms period and an outstanding statesman and military strategist. He was named Marquis of Wuxiang when he was alive, and was posthumously named Marquis of Zhongwu after his death. His representative works include "The Master's Guide" and "The Book of Commandments". Zhuge Liang "dedicated his life to death" and was a representative figure of loyal ministers and wise men in traditional Chinese culture.

Background information

In 221 AD, Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor and Zhuge Liang became prime minister. In 223, Liu Bei died of illness and his successor Liu Chan was entrusted to Zhuge Liang. Zhuge Liang implemented a series of relatively correct political and economic measures, which brought prosperity to the Shu Han territory. In order to achieve the unification of the country, after quelling the rebellion in the south, Zhuge Liang decided to go north to attack Wei in 227, intending to capture Wei's Chang'an. Before leaving, he sent a letter to the emperor.

Knowledge link

Biao is an ancient style of writing to the emperor. In ancient my country, the submissions written by ministers to the monarch had various names. During the Warring States period, they were collectively referred to as "books", such as Li Si's "Book of Remonstrances and Guests". By the Han Dynasty, this type of writing was divided into four subcategories: Zhang, Zou, Biao and Yi. "The chapter is for gratitude, the memorial is for impeachment, the expression is for expression, and the discussion is for disagreement." ("Wen Xin Diao Long") In addition, there is also a kind of article that specifically discusses the government affairs, also known as "table".

The basic characteristic of "expression" is "moving with emotion". "Shi Shi Biao" is Zhuge Liang's speech to Liu Chan (the empress of Liu) before he left for the Northern Expedition.

PPT for teaching, the third part: basic knowledge

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(1) Correct pronunciation

Collapse (cú) Zhifeng (zhì) Zangfeng (pǐ)

PI mend the gap (bì) (quē) 喛自 (wěi)

Sighing all night long (sù) to express one's fault (jiù)

The good way of consulting Su (zōu)

(2) Definition of words

Zhongdao: halfway.

Collapse: death.

Kai Zhang Sheng Ting: Expand the scope of the emperor's hearing. It means that the successor should listen to opinions widely.

Light: carry forward, used as a verb.

Magnificent: carry forward, expand, used as a verb.

Jane: Pick. One word is "pick", select.

Wei (wèi): to give.

Bow: in person.

PPT on how to learn from others, the fourth part: overall perception

1. Please summarize the hierarchical content of the article.

This article can be divided into three parts.

The first part (1-5): Starting from the current situation, he persuades the late emperor to inherit the legacy of the late emperor, and puts forward three suggestions: widening the voice, being strict about rewards and punishments, and staying close to the virtuous and far away from the nefarious.

Part Two (6, 7): Recalling past experiences, expressing the sincere feelings of "repaying the late emperor and being loyal to His Majesty" and the determination to "defeat the Central Plains in the north" and "reviving the Han Dynasty".

Part Three (8, 9): Clarify the responsibilities of all aspects, put forward sincere expectations to the Lord, and summarize the full text.

2. Judging from the full text, what three suggestions did Zhuge Liang make to Liu Chan, and which one did he emphasize repeatedly? Why?

Open up the road of speech, be strict about rewards and punishments, and keep close friends and distant friends.

What the author repeatedly states is the principle of being close to the virtuous and far away from the necessities. Although the other two items are about principles and policies, they are also related to this.

Because Liu Chan is a fatuous king who is easily deceived by bad people. If he does not keep close friends with virtuous people and distance himself from sycophants, there will be situations such as "ignoring oneself, using metaphors that are unjust", "partiality, and alienating internal and external laws". No matter how good the principles and policies are, it will not be possible. execute thouroughly.

Being close to the virtuous is the foundation of being distant and flattering, so the beginning of the article says "Kai Zhang Sheng Ting", which actually means to listen to the opinions of virtuous ministers, and never "block the road of loyalty and admonishment". The names of virtuous ministers are listed in the middle, and Liu Chan is asked to "believe in them if they are close to them" ", and at the end, Liu Chan was advised to "consult the good people, and listen to the elegant words", which also means to be close to the virtuous.

PPT on how to learn from others, part five: content exploration

1. The article mainly advises the emperor. Why does it start with the situation in Shu? Since "Yizhou is exhausted", why should we send troops to attack Wei?

The article begins by talking about the situation in the Kingdom of Shu. It is in great danger. If the country is not saved, the country will be destroyed and killed. In this case, they must not forget "the ministers of the bodyguard and the loyal people". The legacy of the late emperor remained true to his loyalty to his later master, and there was hope that he could turn the crisis into safety. On this basis, he put forward three proposals for governing the country.

"Yizhou is weak" means that Shu is in a disadvantageous position among the "three points". Under this situation, Zhuge Liang spent five years making preparations. The main measures were:

①Be good with Wu Guotong;

② Strengthen internal affairs construction;

③Put down the rebellion in the south.

It can be seen that the time is ripe to attack Wei.

2. What is the reason why "the ministers of the bodyguard are tireless at home, but the loyal people forget about themselves outside"?

They recalled the kindness the late emperor had given them, and wanted to repay it to their later master.

3. How do you evaluate the author’s three suggestions? What is the internal connection between the three suggestions?

This is both a measure of governance and a rationale for governing the country.

Among them, openness of speech is the prerequisite, strict rewards and punishments are the key, and keeping close friends and distant friends is the core.

4. Who were the civil servants and generals selected by Liu Bei to assist his lord Liu Chan? What are the advantages of these people?

Civil servants: Guo Youzhi, Fei Yu, Dong Yun;

General: Xiang Chong.

Advantages: Civil servants are kind, honest, and loyal; generals are kind, just, and proficient in military affairs.

PPT on teaching as a teacher, part six: exploration of writing methods

1. Mainly discussion, with both lyricism and narrative.

The first part contains emotions and discussions, the second part contains emotions and events, and the third part talks about responsibilities in various aspects and also expresses the determination to fulfill the late emperor's last wish. Specifically speaking, it has three characteristics.

(1) Liu Bei's last words, "legacy" and "edict" are repeatedly mentioned, and "the late emperor" is mentioned at important points in the article. He starts from the late emperor everywhere and always mentions the late emperor's legacy. The full text is only a few hundred words long, but it mentions the late emperor in 13 places. Its function is to encourage Liu Chan to "glorify the legacy of the late emperor" and "deeply pursue the legacy of the late emperor" so as to complete the great unfinished business of the late emperor.

(2) Often talk about one's own experiences, experiences and emotions, and use one's own loyalty to care for one's own country and one's country as an inspiration to the successor.

(3) Always consider "Your Majesty's" imperial career, prestige and reputation.

Due to the above three characteristics, this article has achieved the artistic effect of "loyal words are not offensive to the ears, and the words are clear and affectionate", making Liu Chan willing to listen to it and adopt it willingly no matter how stupid he is.

2. The language is simple and unpretentious, and every word and sentence is carefully considered.

The reasons for this feature are:

(1) Relevant to the object of the recipient. Liu Chan's age, insight, and cultural literacy determine that the language of this article is simple and full of instructions.

(2) The special relationship between the writer and the recipient determines the characteristics of the expression that are euphemistic, sincere, and well-chosen. Zhuge Liang was the later master's minister, but he was also the latter's elder. When Liu Bei was dying, he said, "I serve him as a father."

Lu Youyun: "Go out as a teacher in a dignified way. Don't delete a word."

PPT on how to be a master, Part 7: Appreciation and evaluation

How does this article integrate argumentation, lyricism and narrative?

The full text is mainly argumentative, incorporating narrative and lyricism into the argumentation, in order to achieve the purpose of admonishing Liu Chan with reason and moving him with emotion. The discussion is to the point, the analysis is thorough, and it is highly targeted; it embodies emotion and meaning, blends emotion and reason, and the words are sincere and persuasive. Narrative, embodying feelings and events, is euphemistic and moving, with sincere feelings. The things narrated, such as recommending talented people, talking about life experience, and talking about experiences, all serve the purpose of discussion, making the author's suggestions and requirements for Liu Chan well-founded and more convincing.

Because Zhuge Liang deeply felt the kindness of the late emperor in knowing him and entrusting him with important national affairs, the whole story is run through with his feeling of "repaying the late emperor and being loyal to His Majesty". In the article, he remembers the late emperor with deep affection and admonishes the empress with love. His repeated admonitions to Liu Chan are sincere and thoughtful. His loyalty and earnest feelings are overflowing and touching, which fully expresses his feelings. He, a veteran and important minister, was loyal and loyal to the Liu family and his son.

PPT on how to learn from others, Part 8: Expansion and extension

What do you think of Zhuge Liang's loyalty?

One opinion is that Zhuge Liang repaid his kindness and served his country loyally. He has a high sense of responsibility and mission. He dedicated his life to death and will always be a high-flying flag in the hearts of future generations of intellectuals with ambitions, poetry, conscience and a sense of justice. Aren't Du Fu in front of the Wuhou Temple and the 61-year-old Lu You an example? When we recite the poem "Died before leaving the army, which makes the hero burst into tears", don't we also deeply appreciate Du Fu's admiration and admiration for Zhuge Liang? Feelings of regret? When we interpret the two lines of the poem "A disciple has a true reputation in the world, but who can be compared to others in a thousand years?", aren't we also deeply infected by Lu You's pride?

Another opinion is that Zhuge Liang's "loyalty" is a kind of foolish loyalty, a kind of repayment of kindness. He is only loyal to Liu Bei and his own talents, which is a narrow patriotic behavior. If he loves the country and the people, why should he help Liu Adou who can't afford it? Isn't it because of Liu Chan's ignorance and incompetence that the Northern Expedition fell short?

PPT on how to learn from others, Part 9: Summary

"Shishi Bian" shocks the other party with "situation", moves the other party with "emotion", teaches the other party with "measures", and inspires the other party with "career". It is sincere and sincere, and has deep affection, which has always been praised by future generations.

Feudal rulers admired Zhuge Liang, either because he was orthodox in helping Liu Xinghan, or because he was well-informed and loyal throughout his life, and was a typical example of a loyal minister. Today, people recognize Zhuge Liang mainly because he is an outstanding politician and military strategist; for "loyalty", "dedicate oneself to one's best work, and die till one's death", it is endowed with a new meaning of serving the people wholeheartedly. As passionate young people in the new century, we should have the motherland in mind, the people at heart, be the pride of the times, and be the public servants of the people.

Keywords: free download of Chinese PPT courseware for the second volume of the ninth grade of the People's Education Press version, download of the PPT courseware for teachers, .PPT format;

For more information about the PPT courseware "Teacher's Model", please click the "Teacher's Model" ppt tab.

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Update Time: 2024-11-22

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