"Two Essays" PPT download

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"Two Essays" PPT download

Part One: First Lesson

Inscription on the humble house

learning target

1. Accumulate classical Chinese words, clarify the meaning of the text, and read and recite the full text. (emphasis)

2. Analyze the famous sentences in the article, grasp the main idea, and understand the noble aspirations and interests expressed by the author in the way of supporting objects and expressing aspirations. (difficulty)

3. Learn the author’s life attitude of being content with poverty and embracing morality, and cultivate your own noble and proud moral sentiments. (literacy)

Knowledge for future reference

Stylistic knowledge

Inscription: An inscription is a kind of text carved on an object to warn oneself and describe one's merits. It later became a literary style.

This style of writing generally uses rhyme. This style of writing is generally short in form, with the shortest being less than a cross, quite similar to aphorisms. The writing is concise, the sentences are neat, and they rhyme. It reads sonorously and powerfully, and often uses the technique of supporting things to express ambitions.

about the author

Liu Yuxi (772-842), a writer of the Tang Dynasty. The courtesy name Mengde was from Luoyang (now part of Henan Province), and he said he was from Zhongshan (now part of Hebei Province). He had a close friendship with Liu Zongyuan, and was known as "Liu Liu" in the world. In his later years, he sang harmony with Bai Juyi, and was known as "Liu Bai" in the world. Bai Juyi called him a "poetry hero". There is "Collected Works of Liu Mengde" handed down from generation to generation. His representative works include "Woyi Alley", "Autumn Poems", "Lang Tao Sha", "Bamboo Branches", "Willow Branches", "Rewarding Lotte at the First Banquet in Yangzhou", "Reminiscence of the Past in Xisai Mountain", etc.

Background information

Liu Yuxi lived in the mid-Tang Dynasty after the Anshi Rebellion. He was concerned about social reality and worried about the national economy and people's livelihood. Because he participated in Wang Shuwen's political reform movement and offended the powerful officials of the dynasty, he was demoted to the rank of general magistrate of Anhui Province and Prefecture. According to the regulations at the time, he should live in three rooms in the yamen. However, when the magistrate of Hezhou County saw that he was demoted, he tried to make things difficult for him. In half a year, he moved three times in a row, each time his house became smaller and smaller, and finally it became a shabby room. In this context, Liu Yuxi angrily wrote the article "Inscription on a Humble Room".

overall perception

1. Read the text aloud. When reading aloud, pronounce the words correctly and pay attention to the rhythm and sentence fragmentation.

A deity makes a mountain, not its altitude. Water does not have to be deep. This is a humble room, but I am virtuous. Moss marks/upper steps/green, grass color/entering the curtain/green. Talk and laugh with ru, no contacts STOMATOLOGY. You can /tune/the plain qin and read/the golden scripture. There is no disorder of silk and bamboo, and there is no labor of writing documents. Nanyang/Zhugelu, Xishu/Ziyunting. Confucius said: "How shameful/is there!"

2. Read the text aloud and draw rhymes.

The genre of this article is inscription, which generally uses rhyme.

Rhymes: Name, Spirit, Xin, Qing, Ding, Jing, Xing, Pavilion.

3. Read the text again and use the notes below to clarify the meaning of the text.

A deity makes a mountain, not its altitude. Water does not have to be deep. This is a humble house, but I am virtuous. The moss marks are green on the upper steps, and the grass color is green on the curtains. Talk and laugh with ru, no contacts STOMATOLOGY.

You can tune the plain Qin and read the Golden Sutra. There are no messy ears of silk and bamboo, and there is no laborious shape of case documents. Zhugelu in Nanyang, Yunting in Western Shuzi. Confucius said: What is so shameful?

Translation: The mountain does not have to be high, as long as there are immortals, it will become famous. The water does not have to be deep. With the dragon, it becomes efficacious (water). This is a simple house, but because I (the person who lives in it) have good moral character, it doesn’t feel simple anymore. Moss marks have grown onto the steps, turning them green; the color of grass reflects into the bamboo curtains, dyeing the interior cyan. It was the learned people who talked and laughed, and there were no common people coming and going. You can play the simple guqin and read (precious) Buddhist scriptures. There is no worldly music to disturb the mood, and no official documents to trouble the body. (It is like) the thatched cottage where Zhuge Liang lived in seclusion in Nanyang, or the house where Yang Ziyun lived in Xishu. Confucius said: What is so simple?

Read and study carefully

1. The title of the article is "Inscription on a Humble House", but the author does not write about the Humble House directly, but what does he start from? Why is it written like this?

A deity makes a mountain, not its altitude. Water does not have to be deep.

Using virtuality to set off reality and using mountains and rivers as an analogy lead to the main sentence of the article: "This is a humble house, but I am virtuous and happy." The shabby house is "lovable" because of the owner's "virtue and kindness", which points out the main theme of the article, "virtue and kindness".

2. From what aspects does the author write about whether a "shabby house" is "shabby" or not?

3. What rhetorical method is used in "The moss marks are green on the steps, and the grass is green on the curtains"? What are the benefits of using "上" and "入" here? What characteristics of the environment does this sentence describe?

Using the rhetorical techniques of antithesis and personification, the words "up" and "in" are vivid and expressive, turning static into movement, making the scenery lively, revealing the author's love for this scenery, and describing the quiet and quiet characteristics of the environment. .

4. What does "There are great scholars when talking and laughing, but there are no idle people when coming and going"?

If you want to know a person, you should know his friends; if you know your friends, you should know the person.

Using intertextual rhetorical techniques, the owner of the humble house is described as enjoying himself, talking and laughing, and shows his elegance in communication.

5. Why did Liu Yuxi say that "it can be tuned to a plain qin" and that "there is no way to mess with silk and bamboo"? Are these two contradictory? Please tell me what you think.

Not contradictory.

Tiaosuqin should refer to the author's daily entertainment of playing the piano, plus reading the Golden Scripture, leading a quiet and elegant life; while "no silk and bamboo chaos ears" refers to singing and music in social situations. It shows that the owner does not cherish wealth and does not pursue fame and fortune.

Class summary

Summarize the topic

"Inscription on a Humble Room" tries its best to describe the "humble room" as not being shabby through the description of the living room scene, and expresses a noble and arrogant sentiment and the sentiment of living in poverty and living happily.

Insights after learning

The "humble room" is simple, but not shabby because of the "virtue" of its owner. We can learn a lot from Liu Yuxi: he lives in a humble house and is "virtuous"; he is not willing to be mediocre and associates with "great Confucians"; he talks about himself as an ancient sage... If we also live in a "shabby house", then we might as well Let’s learn from Liu Yuxi.

Writing features

❶The combination of parallel and scattered, well-proportioned.

This article is mainly based on parallel sentences, with neat sentence structure, clear rhythm, and harmonious phonology, which gives people a kind of visual neatness. However, "Why is there such a thing" is a prose sentence. The whole text combines parallel sentences with prose in the sentence structure, and the rhythm is bright. The language is well-proportioned, reads with rhythm and rhythm, is harmonious and pleasant to the ears, and gives people the beauty of music in the auditory sense. At the same time, the article focuses on five characters, with four and six characters in between, and the sentence patterns are uneven.

❷To support things and express aspirations, lay the groundwork layer by layer.

The article shows the author's noble moral integrity and his taste for living in poverty and happiness. It does not express or elaborate directly, but reflects and displays it with the help of the humble room where he lives. The owner of the shabby house lives in a shabby house, but his spiritual thoughts are so rich and fulfilling. Finally, the author compares the shabby house to "Zhuge Lu" and "Ziyunting", and compares himself with the ancient sages. "My" ambitions are noble but not crude.

Two short articles PPT, the second part of the content: the second lesson

Ai Lian said

Knowledge for future reference

Stylistic knowledge

Talking is an ancient argumentative style. Most of them express the author's feelings about one thing, one object or one phenomenon. The writing style is eclectic. The writing advocates freedom and liveliness, and pays attention to the ups and downs. The length is generally not long, which is quite similar to modern essays.

"Love Lotus Theory" means "discussing the principles of liking lotus flowers".

about the author

Zhou Dunyi (1017-1073), courtesy name Maoshu, posthumous name Yuan Gong, nicknamed "Lianxi", known as "Mr. Lianxi" in the world, was born in Yingdao, Daozhou (now Daoxian County, Hunan Province). A philosopher in the Northern Song Dynasty, he is recognized by academic circles as the founder of Neo-Confucianism. Together with Li Kuan, Han Yu, Zhang Shi, Huang Qian, Li Shizhen and Zhu Xi, he is known as the "Seven Sages of Stone Drum". He is the author of "Tai Chi Illustrations" and "Tongshu".

Background information

This article is selected from Volume 3 of "The Collection of Zhou Dunyi" (2009 edition by Zhonghua Book Company). Zhou Dunyi was the founder of Neo-Confucianism in the Northern Song Dynasty and the teacher of Er Cheng (Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi). He is knowledgeable and practical, has high moral character, is an honest official, does not flatter the powerful, and resolves prison cases clearly, which is appreciated by the people.

This article was written by Zhou Dunyi when he was the governor of Nankang (now Lushan City, Jiangxi Province). He once opened a lotus pond more than 40 feet wide on the east side of Fuzhi, built a lotus viewing pavilion in the pond, and connected the north and south curved bridges. At the turn of summer and autumn, the lotus flowers were in full bloom, covered with clouds and dew, and standing gracefully. Whenever the breeze blows, the lotus leaves in the fields sway gently, the lotus flowers nod their heads, and the fragrance fills the nostrils. The gentleman leaned on the railing and looked at the scenery, and he fell in love with the scenery. He loved the whiteness of the lotus and felt the turbidity of the official world, so he wrote the famous "Shuo on Love of the Lotus".

overall perception

1. Read the text aloud. When reading aloud, pronounce the words correctly and pay attention to the rhythm and sentence fragmentation.

The flowers of water and land vegetation are lovely and very sweet. Jin Tao Yuanming/Du Aiju. Since Li Tang, the world is very love peony. My only love is that the lotus comes out of the mud but is not stained, and the clear ripples are clear without being evil. The middle part is straight and the outer part is straight. It has no vines or branches. / Play with obscenity.

I say that chrysanthemum is a flower that represents seclusion; peony is a flower that represents wealth and honor; lotus is a flower that represents a gentleman. Alas, the love of chrysanthemum is rarely heard of after Tao. The love of the lotus, who can give it to you? The love of peony is suitable for everyone.

2. Read the text again and use the notes below to clarify the meaning of the text.

Translation: I only like the lotus that grows out of the mud but is not polluted. It has been washed with clean water but does not appear too gorgeous. Its handle is hollow inside and straight outside. There are no vines or sideways. It grows branches and stems, and the farther its fragrance spreads, the more fragrant it becomes. It stands there cleanly and can be viewed from a distance but cannot be approached to play with (it).

Translation: I think chrysanthemum is the hermit among flowers; peony is the flower of wealth and honor among flowers; lotus is the gentleman among flowers. well! There are few rumors about Tao Yuanming's love for chrysanthemums. Who else loves lotus like me? There must be many people who love peonies.

Read and study carefully

1. Why does the author only like lotus flowers? From what aspects does the author describe the lotus?

2. What is the difference between lotus, chrysanthemum and peony? What are the symbolic meanings of these three types of flowers?

Chrysanthemum, the hermit of flowers. Peony, the flower of wealth. Lotus, the gentleman of flowers.

Chrysanthemums are hermits. Chrysanthemums no longer compete with other flowers in the spring, but exhale their fragrance alone in the autumn when the flowers have withered. They are just like those noble people who do not want to join the world and live in seclusion in the mountains and forests.

Peony is a wealthy person who is greedy for pleasure. It is graceful, luxurious and colorful, just like dignitaries and mediocre people who cling to wealth.

Lotus is a gentleman, noble and elegant. It is not stained by the worldly world, just like a gentleman with an open mind, upright behavior and a reputation for virtue.

3. The author writes about his love for lotus, why does he also write about chrysanthemums and peonies? What writing techniques were used?

4. The author calls "Lotus" the gentleman among flowers. What characteristics of the lotus are similar to those of the gentleman?

5. How do you understand "Who can share the love of the lotus"?

This is a rhetorical question. On the one hand, it echoes the above "I alone love the lotus", on the other hand, it also reveals the author's lament about life and world affairs, lamenting that there were few like-minded people with the author at that time and few people who could achieve noble conduct. Through the author's attitude towards the three flowers "chrysanthemum", "peony" and "lotus", it shows that the author neither wants to passively avoid the world like Tao Yuanming, nor wants to pursue fame and wealth like the world. He wants to be independent and unswerving in the dirty world and always maintain Clean conduct and upright character.

Class summary

Summarize the topic

By praising the beautiful image and noble quality of lotus, the author expresses his attitude towards life that does not seek fame and wealth, but also tactfully criticizes the evil world trend of chasing fame and fortune and following the influence of others.

Insights after learning

Many people love peonies and pursue fame and fortune, but Zhou Dunyi only loves lotus and only guards the pure land in his heart. It seems to be human nature to pursue fame and fortune, but it is not easy to be content with poverty, because it is so difficult to be a spiritually rich person! Let us use the noble quality of lotus to wash our hearts in the tide of commodity economy.

Writing features

❶To express one's aspirations through things, to set high goals.

This article uses the loveliness of Psalm Lotus to praise the steadfast integrity of a gentleman. It is not only the author's self-portrait, but also a criticism of the world of chasing fame and fortune and following the crowd. It expresses the author's attitude towards life that does not seek fame and fortune, but is clean and self-sufficient. The article gives specific symbolic meanings to chrysanthemums, peonies and lotus respectively, and makes an incisive summary of the different attitudes of people in society at that time, highlighting the author's moral belief of "coming out of the mud but not stained".

❷The techniques of contrast and contrast are used.

The article uses four nested foils, using "chrysanthemum" and "peony" to foil and contrast "lotus" respectively, using Tao Yuanming and the world to foil oneself, and "hermit"

The "rich man" sets off the "gentleman", and the love of chrysanthemums and peonies is used to set off the love of lotus, which shows that the author's ambition is unique, and the theme is deepened layer by layer. The metaphor of "Chrysanthemum, the flower that symbolizes seclusion; peony, the flower that symbolizes wealth; lotus, the flower that symbolizes the gentleman" outlines three images with different advantages and disadvantages, and distinctions between superior and inferior. The author expresses his ambition, yearning and pursuit through these techniques.

Classroom testing

1. Explain the underlined words in the following sentences.

(1) Suqin can be tuned ( )

(2) The chaotic ears of silk-free bamboo ( )

(3) Xiangyuan Yiqing ( )

(4) Tingting Jingzhi ( )

(5) It is rarely heard of after Tao ()

(6) It is suitable for everyone ( )

2. The usage of "的" in the following sentences is different from the other three items: ()

A.Flowers of land and water plants

B. Lotus, the gentleman of flowers

C. I call chrysanthemum, the hermit flower.

D. The form of labor without official documents

[Analysis] The "的" in item D has no real meaning and is used to cancel the independence of the sentence. "Zhi" in the other three items are all structural particles, translated as "的".

3. Write the meaning of the following sentences in modern Chinese.

(1) Confucius said: What is so shameful?

(2) You can watch from a distance but don’t play with it.

4. Among the following sentences, the one with incorrect division of reading pauses is ()

A. Talking and laughing/with scholars, and communicating/without white people.

B. It can be viewed from a distance but not played with.

C.Nanyang/Zhugelu, Xishu/Ziyunting.

D. Since Li Tang came, people have loved peonies very much.

[Analysis] The correct pause for item B is: you can watch from a distance, but you can’t play with it.

Homework

Learn how to write "Zhiwu Yan Zhi" in this lesson, and try to write a fragment to express your thoughts and feelings through something.

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Update Time: 2024-11-25

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