"Chemical Elements and Human Health" Chemistry and Life PPT Courseware 3

Description

"Chemical Elements and Human Health" Chemistry and Life PPT Courseware 3

teaching objectives

Knowledge and skills

1. Understand the elemental composition of the human body; understand the important role of some elements in human health;

2. Learn some basic knowledge and common sense of life to improve human health through nutrition.

Process and Method

Use the resources you have (such as textbooks, books, the Internet, common sense of life, etc.), use a variety of means to find first-hand information, and obtain knowledge about chemical elements and human health through comparison, classification, induction, generalization, communication, etc. , using a combination of autonomy and cooperation to carry out learning in the process.

Emotional attitudes and values

1. Experience the joy of learning in the process, experience the importance of scientific nutrition knowledge to human health, and be able to view the impact of elements on human health from a dichotomous perspective;

2. Pay attention to nutritional knowledge in your own, family, and social life in the future, and accept scientific concepts of life.

Except for carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, which exist in the form of water, sugar, oil, protein, and vitamins, the rest of the elements in the human body mainly exist in the form of inorganic salts.

Macroelements: elements whose content exceeds 0.01% in the human body, such as calcium, phosphorus, potassium, etc.;

Trace elements: elements with a content of less than 0.01%, such as iron, zinc, selenium, iodine, etc.;

calcium

forms of calcium

Mainly in the form of calcium hydroxyphosphate crystals.

Effect on human body

The adult body contains approximately 1.2kg of calcium, 99% of which is found in bones and teeth. Calcium provides the strong structural scaffolding for bones and teeth.

Diseases caused by calcium deficiency

Calcium deficiency in young children and adolescents can cause growth retardation, bone deformation, rickets, stunted development, soft teeth, and susceptibility to dental caries. Calcium deficiency in the elderly causes osteomalacia and osteoporosis, making them prone to fractures.

sodium and potassium

The existence form of sodium

Sodium mainly exists in the extracellular fluid in the form of Na+, and potassium mainly exists in the intracellular fluid in the form of K+.

Effect on human body

The human body contains 80~120g of sodium, and an adult contains about 2g of potassium per kilogram of body weight.

Sodium participates in water metabolism, regulates body fluid balance, maintains normal muscle excitation and cell permeability, and is a component of pancreatic juice, bile, sweat and tears.

Most of the physiological functions of potassium are exerted in synergy with sodium. Therefore, maintaining the balance of potassium and sodium ions in the body is of great significance to life activities. Potassium can adjust the appropriate osmotic pressure in cells, regulate the acid-base balance of body fluids, participate in the metabolism of sugar and protein in cells, maintain normal nerve excitability and myocardial movement, and has the function of potassium when high sodium intake leads to high blood pressure. Blood pressure lowering effect.

Other trace elements

Lithium: It can improve hematopoietic function and enhance human immunity.

Strontium: It can strengthen bones, reduce the absorption of sodium in the human body, and is beneficial to the activity of human blood vessels.

Chromium promotes growth and development and prevents cardiovascular disease.

Cobalt is a component of vitamin B12, and nickel is a component of cellular nucleic acids.

Manganese and iron have synergistic effects on blood production and are components of bones.

Germanium follows blood circulation in the blood and excretes metabolic waste products from the body through urine or sweat, playing a purifying role. Germanium also has the function of enhancing resistance and inhibiting cancer cells.

Class exercises

1. In 1989, the World Health Organization identified aluminum as one of the sources of food contamination and restricted its application in food. According to this requirement, aluminum should be controlled in the following applications: ① Aluminum alloy ② Electrical wires ③ Cooking utensils ④ Silver paint pigment ⑤ Use alum to purify drinking water ⑥ Alum and baking soda to make food leavening agents ⑦ Beverage cans ⑧ Hydroxide Aluminum gel Weishuping medicine ⑨ packaging of candies and snacks ( )

A． ①③⑤⑧⑨B. ②④⑤⑧⑨

C． ①②③⑤⑦D. ③⑤⑥⑦⑧⑨

2. May 31st is “World No Tobacco Day”. The smoke produced by burning cigarettes contains many carcinogens and harmful substances. Among them, the most harmful ones to humans are nicotine (chemical formula: C10H14N2), tar and carbon monoxide. Which of the following statements is wrong ( )

A． Smoking seriously harms people's physical and mental health

B. Cigarette tar is most damaging to the human respiratory tract and lungs

C． The mass ratio of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen elements in nicotine is 5:7:1

D. Cigarette smoke can poison mice to death

3. Which statement about the components of the human body is incorrect ( )

A． There are about 50 kinds of elements that make up the human body itself.

B. The four elements of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen in the human body mainly exist in the form of water, sugar, fat, protein, and vitamins

C． There are 11 elements that are abundant in the human body

D. Since the content of trace elements is very small, it has little impact on human health.

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Update Time: 2024-07-07

This template belongs to Chemistry courseware People's Education Press Ninth Grade Chemistry Volume 2 industry PPT template

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