"Organic Synthetic Materials" Chemistry and Life PPT Courseware 4

Description

"Organic Synthetic Materials" Chemistry and Life PPT Courseware 4

teaching objectives

Knowledge and skills

1. Understand the concept of organic matter and be able to distinguish between organic matter and inorganic matter;

2. Know that plastics, synthetic fibers, and synthetic rubber are important organic synthetic materials and play an important role in production and life;

3. Understand "white pollution", its hazards and solutions.

Process and Method

1. Develop scientific inquiry abilities through exploration of the properties of plastics and experiments to identify natural fibers and synthetic fibers;

2. Through learning about the important role of synthetic materials in production and life, understand the important position of chemistry in production and life, and cultivate interest in learning chemistry;

3. Understand the characteristics, uses and environmental hazards of organic synthetic materials, and understand the importance of environmental protection.

Emotional attitudes and values

1. Understand the important role that organic synthetic materials play in the progress of human society, and appreciate the value of learning chemistry;

2. Cultivate emotions that care about life, society, and the human living environment.

1. Organic compounds

1. inorganic compounds

Most inorganic compounds do not contain carbon, such as sulfuric acid, sodium chloride, etc.; a few contain carbon, but have the characteristics of inorganic compounds, such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, calcium carbonate, etc.

2. Organic compounds (referred to as organic compounds)

Organic compounds all contain carbon, and some also contain elements such as hydrogen, oxygen, chlorine, nitrogen and phosphorus. Such as methane, glucose, protein, etc. are all organic matter.

Carbon atoms in organic matter can be combined with hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and other atoms, and carbon chains or rings can also be formed between carbon atoms.

organic matter

Small organic molecules: organic compounds with relatively small relative molecular masses (usually less than a thousand).

Such as: methane, ethanol, propylene, etc.

Organic polymers: organic compounds with relatively large relative molecular masses (tens of thousands or even tens of millions).

Such as: protein, starch, cellulose, etc.

General characteristics of organic matter:

Most organic compounds are poorly soluble in water and easily soluble in organic solvents.

Most organic compounds have low melting points, are easily decomposed by heat, and are easy to burn.

Most organic substances do not conduct electricity easily.

Most cannot ionize.

Chemical reactions are generally more complex and the reaction speed is slower.

2. Organic synthetic materials

Materials made of organic polymer compounds are organic polymer materials.

Most organic polymer compounds are polymerized from small molecules and are often called polymers. Such as: starch, polyethylene, etc.

When small molecules are connected to form polymers, some form long chains, and some form chains into a network.

Basic properties of polymer compounds

(1) Solubility

Linear structure polymers (such as plexiglass) can be dissolved in appropriate organic solvents, but the dissolution rate is slower than small molecules; while body structure polymers (such as rubber) are not easy to dissolve and can only swell to a certain extent.

(2) Thermoplasticity and thermosetting

Thermoplasticity: Heated to a certain temperature range, it begins to soften, and then begins to melt into a flowable liquid; after cooling, it becomes a solid again, such as polyethylene.

Thermosetting: It does not melt when heated after processing, such as bakelite.

(3) Strength

Polymer materials are generally relatively strong.

For example, if 10kg of polymer material and 10kg of metal material are each made into a 100m long rope, the weight of the object that can be lifted is as follows:

(4) Electrical insulation

Generally, polymer materials have good electrical insulation properties and are widely used in the electrical industry.

(5) Features

Some polymer materials are resistant to chemical corrosion, heat resistance, wear resistance, oil resistance, and water impermeability, and are used in certain fields with special needs; but there are also polymer materials that are easy to age, not resistant to high temperatures, easy to burn, and cannot be used after disposal. Disadvantages such as difficulty in decomposition.

Class exercises

1. There are two main categories of compounds: ___________ and ___________. ___________ all contain carbon elements, such as ______, _____, etc.

2. Among the four substances, methane, ethanol, carbonic acid, and acetic acid, the one that is not organic is ______.

3. Polymer materials with a chain structure have _________ properties, while most polymer materials with a network structure will not melt by heat once they are processed and formed, but have _________ properties.

4． Which of the following is not a polymer compound ()

A． Protein B. Ethanol C. Starch D. polyethylene

5. Among the following substances, which one is not a synthetic material ()

A． Really good B． Nylon C. Silk D. Acrylic

6． The "white pollution" that needs to be solved urgently in our country usually refers to ()

A． White smoke from smelting plant

B. white powder from lime kiln

C． Polyethylene and other plastic waste

D. white building materials

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For more information about the "Chemistry and Life Organic Synthetic Materials" PPT courseware, please click the Chemistry and Life ppt Organic Synthetic Materials ppt tab.

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"Organics and Organic Synthetic Materials" PPT (Lesson 2):

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"Organics and Organic Synthetic Materials" PPT (first lesson):

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Update Time: 2024-07-06

This template belongs to Chemistry courseware People's Education Press Ninth Grade Chemistry Volume 2 industry PPT template

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