"Diversity and Unity of Cells" Approaching Cells PPT Download

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"Diversity and Unity of Cells" Approaching Cells PPT Download

Part One: Problem Exploration

1. How many cells are there in the picture? What are their names? What are the common structures?

Red blood cells and white blood cells, oral epithelial cells, onion root tip cells, onion epidermal cells.

The common structures of these cells include cell membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus (plant cells also have cell walls, and mature human red blood cells do not have a nucleus)

2. Please give one or two examples to explain why different cells have different morphological structures.

Cells have different morphological structures because cells in the organism are in different locations and have different functions, which are the result of cell differentiation.

Diversity and Unity of Cells PPT, Part 2: 1. Observing Cells

Observe several types of cells using a high-power microscope

1. Purpose requirements

1. Use a high-power microscope to observe several types of cells and compare the similarities and differences of different cells. 2. Use the method of making temporary mounting films.

2. Materials and tools

Suggested observation materials: fungal (such as yeast) cells, lower plant cells (such as Spirogyra and other filamentous green algae) cells, higher plant cells (such as guard cells of leaves), animal cells (such as fish red blood cells). The above materials can be observed after being made into temporary mounts. Other alternative materials may also be used.

Microscope, slides, coverslips, tweezers, dropper, water, saline. If staining is required during the experiment, commonly used staining solutions should be prepared.

3. Method steps

① Turn the reflector to brighten the field of view.

②After observing clearly under low magnification, move the object image to be magnified and observed to the center of the field of view.

③ Turn the converter to turn into a high-magnification objective lens.

④ Use the fine focus screw to adjust the focus and observe.

discuss

Summarize the common structural features of the observed cells, describe the differences between them, and analyze the possible reasons for the differences.

What they have in common is that they have a cell membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus, and plant cells also have a cell wall.

The positions and functions of these cells are different, and their structure and function are adapted. This is a difference caused by cell differentiation during ontogeny.

Diversity and Unity of Cells PPT, Part 3: 2. Prokaryotic Cells and Eukaryotic Cells

Is there a nucleus bounded by the nuclear membrane in the cell?

1. Classification basis:

Thinking: Are the cyanobacteria in an area a population?

no.

Because there are several species of cyanobacteria, the cell shape is larger than that of ordinary bacteria. Common species include "Cyanobacteria", "Cyanobacteria moniliforme", "Chromococcus cyanobacteria", "Nostoc", etc.

2. Structure of prokaryotic cells:

Cyanobacteria contain phycocyanin and chlorophyll in their cells and are autotrophs capable of photosynthesis. Most species of bacteria are saprotrophic or heterotrophic organisms that live a parasitic life. Bacterial cells have a cell wall, cell membrane, and cytoplasm. They do not have a nucleus surrounded by a nuclear membrane, nor do they have chromosomes. Instead, they have circular DNA molecules located in a specific area within the cell. This area is called a nucleoid.

3. The unity of prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells:

They all have similar _______ and _______, and they all use _______ as their genetic material.

Use of high-power microscopes Supplement:

1. Steps and key points for using high-magnification microscope observation:

1. Turn the reflector to brighten the field of vision, that is, "aiming the light".

2. First find the cells under low magnification and move the object to be magnified to the center of the field of view.

3. Turn the converter and use a high-magnification lens for observation.

4. Observe and adjust the focus using the fine focusing screw.

Diversity and Unity of Cells PPT, Part 4: Classroom Exercises

Combined with Figure 1-6 of the textbook P11, Escherichia coli and cyanobacteria cell model diagrams, solve the following problems.

1. What is the biggest structural difference between A, B, and C? What structures do they share?

Answer: A and B are prokaryotic cells, and C is a eukaryotic cell. The biggest structural difference between A, B, and C is that A and B do not have a nucleus surrounded by a nuclear membrane; they all have cell membranes, cytoplasm, ribosomes, etc. structure.

2. Fill in the names of the relevant structures in Figures A and B.

Answer: ① cell wall, ② cell membrane, ③ cytoplasm, ④ nucleoid, ⑤ ribosome.

Diversity and Unity of Cells PPT, Part 5 Content: Written Assignment:

short answer questions

1. Write down the main steps for using a high-power microscope.

2. Textbook P11: "Contact with Society": What is the essential difference in biological classification between "lettuce" and the "lettuce" we usually eat?

3. Textbook P11 Cyanobacteria are autotrophs, and most bacteria are heterotrophs. So what is the essential difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs?

4. Textbook P12, Question 2 of Extended Application.

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Update Time: 2024-07-12

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