"Russian Serfdom Reform" Consolidation and Expansion of Bourgeois Rule PPT Courseware 3

Description

"Russian Serfdom Reform" Consolidation and Expansion of Bourgeois Rule PPT Courseware 3

learning target

1. Main contents of Russian serfdom laws

2. The historical role of serfdom reform.

Self-study guidance

Students carefully read pages 149-152 of the text, think about the following questions while reading and underline the key points. After 8 minutes, compete to see who can answer correctly.

1. What was the background of Russia’s serfdom reform in 1861?

2. What were the main contents of Russia’s serfdom reform in 1861?

3. What was the impact of Russia’s serfdom reform in 1861?

1. The crisis of serfdom

Namely: the reasons for serfdom reform

1. Fundamental reasons: Barbaric serfdom seriously hindered the development of Russian capitalism.

Russian serfdom: It was an economic and legal system established in Russia from the second half of the 15th century to the first half of the 19th century on the basis of the landlord manor economy with labor service as the main form of exploitation. Peasants were tied to the landlord's land and were dependent on the landlord in terms of land, person, and law. They were at the lowest level of society and were actually serfs.

Serfs were a specific class in European feudal society, dependent on their feudal lords. Serfs who rented land (called allotments) had their own production tools and could marry freely. Serfs had to serve their feudal lords and pay taxes. Feudal lords could not kill serfs at will, but they could buy, sell or donate them.

Simply put, a serf is a person whose personal rights are restricted

2. Ideologically: New ideological trends emerged that opposed serfdom and tsarist autocratic rule.

3. Military: The Crimean War suffered a disastrous defeat, Russia’s international status declined, and domestic conflicts intensified (direct reasons)

Russia - clinging to feudal serfdom

Britain and France - embarked on the road of capitalism, completed the industrial revolution, and became technologically advanced

4. The impact of the peasant uprising

From 1858 to 1860, there were nearly 290 peasant uprisings in Russia, and the Tsar's rule was in danger.

2. Reforms of 1861

On March 3, 1861, Tsar Alexander II signed a decree on the abolition of serfdom.

1. Purpose: To consolidate rule, ease class contradictions, enhance national strength, and avoid revolution.

2. Nature: Top-down bourgeois reforms implemented by the tsarist government.

3. Main content: Farmers are legally free persons; landlords are not allowed to buy or sell farmers or interfere with their lives; farmers can get a piece of land and homestead land by paying a certain ransom. (Textbook P152)

4. The role of the 1861 reform (P152)

1. The abolition of serfdom promoted the development of Russian capitalism and accelerated the historical process of Russian industrialization.

2. Russia began to enter a new stage of historical development (capitalist society) from the era of serfdom.

3. However, this reform was very incomplete and retained a large number of remnants of feudal serfdom.

Class training questions

1. The picture below is a commemorative coin issued by Russia on February 1, 2011 to commemorate the 150th anniversary of a major event. The left side of the pattern shows a farmer working hard in the field, and the right side shows a coin at an angle of 45 degrees. A quill placed with the signature of Tsar Alexander II below. This major historical event

A. Russian serfdom reform B. Russian October Revolution

C. Khrushchev’s reforms D. Gorbachev’s reforms

2. Russia’s 1861 reforms were conducive to the development of capitalism, mainly because

A. Maintained the unity of the country B. Opened up overseas markets

C. Provides free labor D. freed from colonial rule

3. 2011 marks the 150th anniversary of Russia’s serfdom reform. This reform had a significant impact on Russian history. Which of the following statements is incorrect?

A. Put Russia on the path of capitalist development

B． The reform was not thorough, and a large number of feudal remnants were retained.

C. A major turning point in Russian history

D. All serfs received land for free

4. “When farmers gained ‘freedom’, they had already been deprived of everything.” This evaluation is based on

A. Japan’s Meiji Restoration B． Russian Reforms of 1861

C. China’s Reform Movement of 1898 D. American Civil War

9. In the mid-19th century, both the United States and Russia experienced problems that affected their economic development and social stability. Please answer: (This question is worth 6 points in total, 2 points for each question)

(1) In the mid-19th century, what were the main factors affecting the economic development and social stability of the United States and Russia?

(2) How do the two countries solve these problems?

(3) What is the same impact that the solution of the problem will have on both countries?

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Update Time: 2024-10-07

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