"Extreme Strengthening of Monarchy" PPT courseware during the Ming and Qing Dynasties

Description

"Extreme Strengthening of Monarchy" PPT courseware during the Ming and Qing Dynasties

Establishment of the Military Aircraft Division

Background: In the early Qing Dynasty, the official system of the Ming Dynasty was followed, and the cabinet and six ministries were established in the central government, but the council of kings and ministers composed of Manchu nobles to discuss government affairs was retained. The meeting of kings and ministers to discuss government affairs seriously hindered the centralization of power.

Discuss:

What kind of power does the Council of Ministers enjoy? Does it pose a threat to imperial power?

All military and state affairs must go through a meeting of kings and ministers, and once decided, not even the emperor can change it. The existence of the meeting of kings and ministers to discuss government affairs not only made the cabinet useless, but most importantly, it restricted the power of the emperor.

1. The evolution of central institutions in the early Qing Dynasty

(1) Early Qing Dynasty: Council of Kings and Ministers (Manchu) Cabinet and Six Ministries (Ming Dynasty)

(2) Kangxi: Set up a southern study room

(3) Yongzheng: Establish military machine room (Military Machinery Department)

(4) Qianlong: Strengthening the Military Aircraft Department

2. Military Aircraft Department

(1) Time of establishment: Yongzheng period

(2) Purpose: Strengthening the autocratic monarchy

(3) Status: the central organization that assists the emperor in handling government affairs

(4) Characteristics: simple organization, capable personnel, officials but no officials, and high efficiency

(5) Impact: The establishment of the Military Aircraft Department marks the further strengthening of the feudal autocratic monarchy system

Function:

Regarding the establishment of the Military Aircraft Department, there are the following two views. Please combine the above materials and the knowledge you have learned to discuss: Which view is correct? Why?

Viewpoint 1: The establishment of the Military Aircraft Division has improved work efficiency, which is beneficial.

Viewpoint 2: With the establishment of the Military Aircraft Department, officials have to listen to the emperor in everything. Their sense of political responsibility and creative spirit are gone, and there is no benefit at all.

With the establishment of the Military Aircraft Department, on the one hand, military and national affairs were completely decided by the emperor. The mission of the military aircraft minister was only to convey and copy the emperor's will, and he was not allowed to have any views and opinions of his own. In this way, officials had to obey the emperor's orders for everything, which stifled their sense of political responsibility and creative spirit. However, the establishment of the Military Aircraft Department is not without benefits, because it simplifies work procedures and improves work efficiency.

The establishment of literary prison

What is literal inquisition?

1. Meaning: The so-called Literary Prison is to persecute intellectuals by finding fault with their writing.

The prosperous period: Kang, Yong and Qian dynasties.

Literary inquisition case

1. "History of the Ming Dynasty" case

In the early Qing Dynasty, Zhuang Tinglong, a wealthy businessman in Huzhou, wrote a manuscript of the history of the Ming Dynasty and asked someone to supplement the history of the Chongzhen period and the Southern Ming Dynasty. After the book was completed, it was called "History of the Ming Dynasty" and was published under his own name. During the reign of Emperor Kangxi, someone revealed that there were prohibited contents in the "History of the Ming Dynasty". As a result, more than 200 people involved in the compilation, printing, and sales were implicated, and more than 70 of them were killed. Zhuang Tinglong was dead, and his body was dug up and chopped into pieces.

2. Cha Siting case

Zha Siting was the Minister of Rites during the Yongzheng period. When he was presiding over the imperial examination in Jiangnan, he asked a question "What is restricted by safeguarding the people". This is a sentence in "The Great Learning", but the Qing government said that it removed the prefixes of "Wei" and "Zhi", in order to cut off Yongzheng's head. Chaositing was in trouble and was imprisoned, where he died. Yongzheng ordered his body to be slaughtered and displayed to the public, and his family members were also exiled to remote areas.

3. Hu Zhongzao case

During the Qianlong period, Hu Zhongzao wrote a poem about "turbidity and purity with a heart". Because "turbidity" was placed before the word "qing", it was regarded as an attack on the turbidity and decadence of the Qing Dynasty. Hu Zhongzao and everyone in his family over the age of 16 were executed.

2. Influence

(1) As a result, many valuable historical documents have become extinct or distorted.

(2) Qianlong destroyed and tampered with books for nearly 20 years. This was another catastrophe that ancient Chinese culture suffered after Qin Shihuang burned books and harassed Confucian scholars.

The extreme strengthening of monarchy

measure:

Set up military aircraft office

①Established during the reign of Emperor Yongzheng

②Function: It handles military and political affairs and is the emperor’s secretarial agency

③Influence: It further strengthened the imperial power and improved the efficiency of work to a certain extent. It was a sign that the feudal autocratic centralization reached its peak.

literal prison

①Purpose: To strictly guard against and suppress anti-Qing thoughts

②Essence: It is a kind of cultural dictatorship.

③Impact: Strengthening centralized rule, hindering the development of academic culture, and creating a situation where thousands of horses are in silence.

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"Extreme Strengthening of Monarchy" PPT courseware 3 during the Ming and Qing Dynasties:

"Extreme Strengthening of the Autocratic Monarchy" PPT courseware during the Ming and Qing Dynasties 3 Measures to strengthen the monarchical centralization system: 1. Emperor Shunzhi: established a cabinet to assist the emperor in handling government affairs 2. Emperor Kangxi: established a south study room 3. Emperor Yongzheng: established a military aircraft department 4. Emperor Qianlong: Cancel the meeting of kings and ministers to discuss government affairs..

"Extreme Strengthening of Monarchy" PPT courseware 2 during the Ming and Qing Dynasties:

"Extreme Strengthening of the Autocratic Monarchy" PPT courseware during the Ming and Qing Dynasties 2 1. The establishment of the Military Aircraft Department Yongzheng established the Military Aircraft Department for military needs and Qianlong further increased the power of the Military Aircraft Department 1. Background: In the early Qing Dynasty, the official system of the Ming Dynasty was followed and was established in the central government Cabinet and six ministries, but retained by the Manchu...

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Update Time: 2024-09-07

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