"Extreme Strengthening of Monarchy" PPT courseware 3 during the Ming and Qing Dynasties

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"Extreme Strengthening of Monarchy" PPT courseware 3 during the Ming and Qing Dynasties

Measures to strengthen the centralized monarchy system:

1. Emperor Shunzhi: established a cabinet to assist the emperor in handling government affairs

2. Emperor Kangxi: Set up the South Study Room

3. Emperor Yongzheng: established a military aircraft department

4. Emperor Qianlong: Cancel the meeting of kings and ministers to discuss government affairs

(The imperial power has been strengthened as never before)

1. Establishment of the Military Aircraft Department

1. Meeting of kings and ministers to discuss government affairs

In the early Qing Dynasty, there was still a meeting of kings and ministers composed of Manchu nobles to discuss political affairs. All major military and state affairs must be discussed at a meeting of the king and ministers, and once a decision is made, not even the emperor can change it. Therefore, imperial power was subject to certain restrictions. By the time of Kangxi, in order to curb some of the power of the Manchu nobles and strengthen the autocratic monarchy, the South Study Room was established to directly draft edicts and process memorials for the emperor, thereby countering the overly powerful meeting of kings and ministers who discussed government affairs.

2. Establishment of the Military Aircraft Department

During the Yongzheng period, the imperial court temporarily set up a military machine room to handle northwest military affairs. It was soon renamed the Military Machinery Department and became a permanent organization, composed of the emperor's trusted Manchu and Han ministers. The Military Aircraft Department is the most important central agency that assists the emperor in handling government affairs. Major military and political matters are entirely adjudicated by the emperor. The military minister drafts edicts in accordance with the emperor's will, and after the emperor reviews and approves them, they are transmitted to central ministries and local agencies for execution.

3. The role of the Military Aircraft Department

After the establishment of the Military Aircraft Department, the meeting of kings and ministers to discuss government affairs existed in name only, and was simply abolished during the Qianlong period. The special institution of the Military Aircraft Department facilitated the emperor to arbitrate the government affairs and gave the emperor supreme authority. Everything must be subject to the emperor's will, thus further strengthening the monarchy.

2. Cultural autocracy

1. Cultural autocracy policy

In order to maintain centralized rule, the rulers of the Qing Dynasty implemented autocratic policies in culture. The rulers of the Qing Dynasty issued many orders prohibiting scholars from opening academies, gatherings and associations, and their speech and publication must be subject to strict official control. On the one hand, it vigorously promoted respect for Confucius and read scriptures, and organized manpower to carry out large-scale activities of sorting out documents and compiling books; on the other hand, it conducted a comprehensive inspection of books across the country, and listed books that were considered detrimental to the rule of the Qing Dynasty as banned books, confiscated them and destroyed them . During the Qianlong period alone, the campaign of banning and destroying books lasted for nearly 20 years, and many precious books were banned and destroyed.

2.The meaning of literal prison

The rulers of the Qing Dynasty paid great attention to strictly controlling intellectuals from the ideological field. During the Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong dynasties, they often excerpted phrases and phrases from intellectuals' articles and poems, distorted them, interpreted them, and used them to inflate accusations, creating a large number of unjust prison sentences. Many people were executed for this, and even their relatives, teachers and friends were persecuted. People call this practice "literary prison."

3. The dangers of literal inquisition

The scale and frequency of literary prisons in the Qing Dynasty far exceeded that of previous generations. Literary inquisition caused social terror and destroyed talents. From then on, intellectuals no longer dared to interfere with politics or express their personal thoughts. They even had to be careful when choosing words and sentences to avoid being killed. The implementation of literary inquisition has imprisoned people's thoughts and speeches and seriously hindered the development and progress of thought and scholarship.

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"Extreme Strengthening of Monarchy" PPT courseware 2 during the Ming and Qing Dynasties:

"Extreme Strengthening of the Autocratic Monarchy" PPT courseware during the Ming and Qing Dynasties 2 1. The establishment of the Military Aircraft Department Yongzheng established the Military Aircraft Department for military needs and Qianlong further increased the power of the Military Aircraft Department 1. Background: In the early Qing Dynasty, the official system of the Ming Dynasty was followed and was established in the central government Cabinet and six ministries, but retained by the Manchu...

"Extreme Strengthening of Monarchy" PPT courseware during the Ming and Qing Dynasties:

"Extreme Strengthening of the Autocratic Monarchy" PPT courseware during the Ming and Qing Dynasties The establishment of the Military Aircraft Department Background: In the early Qing Dynasty, the official system of the Ming Dynasty was followed, and the cabinet and six ministries were established in the central government, but the council of kings and ministers composed of Manchu nobles to discuss government affairs was retained. The meeting of kings and ministers on political affairs seriously hindered the central government's...

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Update Time: 2024-07-12

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