"National Independence and Revitalization in Asia, Africa, and Latin America" ​​The world under the bipolar pattern PPT courseware 2

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"National Independence and Revitalization in Asia, Africa, and Latin America" ​​The world under the bipolar pattern PPT courseware 2

1. Asia

(1) India’s independence and economic development

1. India’s independence

(1).Background:

① India was originally the largest colony in Asia and was under direct British rule for 200 years.

② Since the failure of the great national uprising against the British in 1857, India has carried out many national independence struggles.

(2).Independence:

① In 1947, Britain was forced to agree to India's independence, but decided to divide the original India into two countries: India and Pakistan, and implement the partition of India and Pakistan.

②The establishment of the independent country of India was the result of several generations of Indians persisting in large-scale anti-British struggles for hundreds of years.

2. Partition of India and Pakistan

①The partition of India and Pakistan is not only the result of the national independence movement, but also one of the root causes that is not conducive to the social stability and development of India and Pakistan.

② Analysis of the root causes of the conflict between India and Pakistan:

The "divide and rule" policy has deepened ethnic and religious conflicts in the region. The core of the "Mountbatten Plan" was to divide autonomous territories based on religion rather than on language, culture or ethnic differences. The resulting separation of India and Pakistan caused endless troubles. For example, the issue of the ownership of Kashmir and the religious dispute between Muslims and Hindus have all caused bloody conflicts and wars between India and Pakistan.

3. India’s development

①. Politically: Implement an independent and non-aligned foreign policy, actively advocate and launch the "Non-Aligned Movement", and join the "Group of 77".

②. Economically: Concentrate on economic development, establish a relatively complete industrial system, achieve basic self-sufficiency in food, and make outstanding achievements in science and technology.

(2) Other Asian countries

1. Before and after India’s independence, many colonies and semi-colonies in Asia gained independence, and the economies of various countries developed to varying degrees.

2. South Korea and Singapore have developed rapidly and have become modern countries.

2. The wave of national independence in Africa

1. Egypt’s independence

In 1952, an anti-imperialist and anti-feudal revolution broke out in Egypt. The revolutionary forces led by Nasser launched an armed uprising and won Egypt's true independence.

2. “Year of African Independence”

In 1960, 17 independent countries emerged in Africa, so this year was called the "Year of African Independence".

3. Namibia’s independence in March 1990 marked the end of five centuries of European colonists’ invasion and enslavement of Africa, and the final collapse of the imperialist colonial system in Africa.

3. The struggle to defend national sovereignty in Latin America

1. Cuba

①.In 1959, under the leadership of Castro, Cuba overthrew the puppet regime supported by the United States through armed struggle, established a revolutionary government, and embarked on the road to socialism.

②. Cuba’s independence dealt a heavy blow to the hegemony of the United States in Latin America and inspired the national liberation movements of people around the world.

2. Panama

①. The Panama Canal is a famous international shipping waterway connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and has important economic and strategic significance.

②.At the end of 1999, Panama finally took back all rights to the Panama Canal.

4. Middle East War

What is a Middle East war?

It was Israel's expansion that led to five wars with neighboring countries from 1948 to 1982.

The war in the Middle East is a modern war. Both sides used advanced weapons and equipment provided by the United States or the Soviet Union.

The outbreak of the war in the Middle East has a profound international background. On the surface, it appears to be a fight between Israel and Arab countries, but in fact it is an indirect contest between two superpowers.

5. Summary

1. What two methods of struggle did Asian and African countries generally adopt in the process of achieving national independence?

Answer: There are two main methods of struggle: armed struggle (such as Egypt) and political struggle (such as the independence of India and Pakistan).

2. Please list the historical figures who have made important contributions to the national independence of Asian, African and Latin American countries.

answer:

India: Nehru

Egypt: Nasser

Cuba: Castro

Read the following materials and answer related questions:

India is a British colony, and Britain regards it as its "lifeline" and "a bright jewel in the Queen's crown." The British colonists looted and plundered India, leaving India extremely poor and backward. In order to resist British colonial rule, the Indian people carried out many struggles.

After World War II, the British said: At that time, India was like a ship with a cabin full of ammunition that caught fire in the ocean. The urgent problem was to put out the fire before it burned the ammunition. For this reason, the British colonists had to change their colonial policy and adopt the "divide and rule" approach.

⑴. In which century did the British invade India? What was the name of the governing body at that time?

17th century, East India Company

⑵. Why does Britain regard India as its "lifeline" and call it "a bright jewel in the crown of the British Crown"?

India is Britain's largest colony in Asia, with the largest population and very rich products. It is the raw material production place and commodity sales place for British industrial production, and has become the main base for British capital accumulation.

1. Asia: After World War II, India was divided into two countries: India and Pakistan, and the partition of India and Pakistan was implemented.

2. Africa

①In 1952, Egypt became independent.

②1960, the "Year of African Independence" when 17 countries became independent.

③In 1990, Namibia became independent and the imperialist colonial system in Africa collapsed.

3. Latin America:

①In 1959, Cuba embarked on the path of socialism.

②The Panamanian people take back their sovereignty over the Panama Canal.

4. War in the Middle East:

① Israel pursued expansion and fought five wars with neighboring countries.

② Focus of conflict: The core of the problem is the Palestinian issue, which is the conflict between Jews and Arabs.

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"National Independence and Revitalization in Asia, Africa, and Latin America" ​​The world under the bipolar pattern PPT courseware:

"National Independence and Revitalization in Asia, Africa, and Latin America" ​​The world under the bipolar pattern PPT courseware 1. Asia Chapter India's Independence and Development 1. The climax of the national independence movement after World War II first appeared in Asia 2. India's independence: ①1947, Britain was forced to agree to Indian independence...

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Update Time: 2024-11-23

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