"German Attack on the Soviet Union and Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor" China's Anti-Japanese War and World Anti-Fascist War PPT Courseware

Description

"German Attack on the Soviet Union and Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor" China's Anti-Japanese War and World Anti-Fascist War PPT Courseware

Part One: The Soviet-German War

1. Soviet-German relations before the war

"Soviet-German Non-Aggression Pact"

(August 23, 1939)

main content:

(1) The Contracting Parties undertake not to use force, aggression or attacks against each other, either alone or in conjunction with other states.

(2) If a Contracting Party is at war with a third country, the other Contracting Party shall not provide any support to the third country.

(3) The Contracting Parties will never join any group of countries that directly or indirectly opposes the other Contracting State.

(4) Both parties shall resolve all disputes between contracting parties by peaceful means.

(5) The treaty is valid for 10 years.

2. The Soviet Union established the “Eastern Front”

Taking advantage of the German invasion of Poland, the Soviet Union began to expand its territory westward from September 1939 to August 1940, establishing an "Eastern Front" from the Baltic Sea to the Black Sea.

Positive effect: increase defense space

Negative effect: great power chauvinism, damaging the reputation of socialist countries

(1) The beginning of the war

Thinking: Why did Germany raid the Soviet Union?

As early as when Germany attacked Poland, the Soviet Union turned the three Baltic countries of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania into Soviet republics. Germany was deeply annoyed by this.

1. Germany’s attack on Britain was frustrated;

2. Attacking the Soviet Union is Germany’s established plan;

3. The Soviet Union expanded its territory westward, causing dissatisfaction in Germany.

Germany formulated a military operation plan for a comprehensive attack on the Soviet Union, codenamed "Plan Barbarossa" ("Blitzkrieg").

(2) Soviet defeat

On the first day of the war, the Soviet Union lost 1,200 aircraft, of which more than 800 were destroyed on the ground. By November, the German army carried out six large-scale sieges against the Soviet army, and the number of Soviet prisoners exceeded 2 million. The Soviet Union lost 1.5 million square kilometers of land and more than 70 million residents.

What was the reason for the Soviet Union's defeat in the early stages of the Soviet-German War?

① The German army has sufficient war preparations and rich modern combat experience, and the "blitzkrieg" raid method is its huge advantage.

②The Soviet Union misjudged the war against Germany, lacked capable commanders (the Great Purge), and was also at a disadvantage in terms of strategy, tactics, and weapon performance.

result?

In a short period of time, the German army gained overwhelming momentum and advanced rapidly, approaching Moscow, the capital of the Soviet Union. The Soviet army was retreating steadily.

(3) Battle of Moscow

The Battle of Moscow was the first major defeat the German Army suffered in World War II, declaring the bankruptcy of Hitler's "Blitzkrieg".

Soviet Union:

(1) The Soviet military and civilians share the same hatred;

(2) The intelligence is accurate and Japan will not attack the Soviet Union in the Far East;

(2) Take advantage of the right time and place to ensure proper defense and effective protection.

Germany:

(1) A war of aggression, triggering stubborn resistance from the other side;

(2) Too optimistic in decision-making and insufficient strategic preparation. After the frontline suffered a setback, follow-up support failed to keep up in time, and the shortcomings of "fighting to support war" based on "blitzkrieg" emerged. This manifested itself in the fact that the front was too long, supplies were insufficient, and the weather was cold, and combat effectiveness dropped sharply...

Germany's attack on the Soviet Union and the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor PPT, part 2: Pacific Theater - Pearl Harbor Incident

Why did the Japanese attack Pearl Harbor?

In the 1940s, war broke out across the European battlefields, and the three fascist countries of Germany, Italy, and Japan formed the Axis Powers. In order to compete for world hegemony, the three countries stipulated when they concluded the alliance that Germany would divide Europe into its own sphere of influence, and Japan would divide the Pacific into its own sphere of strength. Therefore, objectively speaking, the United States has become Japan's biggest obstacle in the fight for the Pacific. Subjectively speaking, Japan is worried that Germany will send its troops southward and infringe on its own interests after destroying Britain and the Soviet Union. At the same time, Japan, as an island, is lacking in resources and energy shortage has become its fatal weakness in dominating the world. The oil and rubber Japan needs to sustain the war are mainly imported from the United States. After Japan was deeply involved in the Chinese battlefield, the United States adopted a pro-China stance, provided material assistance to China, and imposed an embargo on Japan. Under such circumstances, if Japan does not seize the oil and rubber producing areas in Southeast Asia, it will inevitably fail.

(1) Strategic change

In early August 1938, Japan caused trouble in Zhanggufeng, near North Korea, and was severely beaten by the Soviet army, causing more than 3,000 casualties. In May 1939, the Japanese army once again provoked the Soviet army at Nomenkan on the Soviet-Mongolian border, which ended with 50,000 Japanese casualties. These two tentative attacks ended in failure, making Japan afraid to act rashly for a while.

Germany swept through Western Europe, and the Netherlands, France and other countries perished one after another. Britain itself was unable to protect itself and was in trouble. These countries had no time to take care of their colonies in the Pacific and Far East, and the United States focused its strategy on Europe. The favorable international situation gave Japan an opportunity to go south and launch the Pacific War.

(2) Specific actions

On the morning of December 7, 1941 (Hawaii time), Japan launched a surprise attack on the US military base Pearl Harbor without declaring war, and the Pacific War broke out. On that day, Japan dispatched more than 350 aircraft to suddenly attack the US military base in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, within 2 hours, sinking and damaging more than 40 US warships, destroying more than 200 aircraft, killing and wounding more than 4,000 US troops, and the US main battleship " The USS Arizona was sunk, and all 1,177 sailors on board were martyred. The Japanese army gained control of the sea and air in the Pacific.

(3) American reaction

What impact did Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor have on the outcome of World War II?

It forced the United States to abandon isolationism and declare war on Japan, marking the outbreak of the Pacific War; it united with other anti-fascist countries to form a world anti-fascist alliance to jointly fight fascist aggression and strengthen anti-fascist forces.

Germany's attack on the Soviet Union and the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor PPT, part three: Extended reading: Attitudes of various countries

After Prime Minister Churchill learned of the Pearl Harbor incident, he went to bed early that night and had a good sleep. This was perhaps the most peaceful sleep since the declaration of war against Germany.

General de Gaulle said happily after learning about this: "Now, the war is definitely won. The Japanese will be crushed into powder."

Chiang Kai-shek of China could not restrain his joy and hummed a Peking Opera tune.

When Hitler learned of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, he was furious and everyone present was stunned. In September 1939, he issued strict orders to the German naval admirals: "No German submarine is allowed to attack the American fleet in the Atlantic."

The United States, Britain and other countries declared war on Japan, and the World Anti-Fascist Alliance was formed, accelerating the demise of Japanese fascism.

Some people believe that Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor was a tactical victory and a strategic mistake. Do you agree with this view? Why?

Strategy refers to the plans and strategies for commanding the overall situation in the military. Tactics are the principles, means and methods for conducting battles. They are part of the strategy and are subordinate to the strategy.

Japan severely damaged the U.S. Pacific Fleet at a relatively small cost, which was a tactical victory.

The Pearl Harbor incident involved the United States in the war and strengthened the hostility between itself and the Allies. This was a strategic mistake.

Influence

Against the United States: heavy losses, declared war on Japan

Against Japan: Tactically, Japan achieved a temporary major victory, but strategically, Japan's comprehensive national strength was inferior to that of the United States, laying the foundation for failure.

For the Asia-Pacific: the complete collapse of the Washington system;

The entire war situation: World War II reached its maximum scale (the joining of the United States) and promoted the formation of the world anti-fascist alliance

Germany's attack on the Soviet Union and the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor PPT, Part 4: Classroom exercises

During World War II, the British Prime Minister who led the British people to resist German aggression and the Soviet commander who led the Soviet people to fight against Germany were respectively

A Churchill, Lenin

B De Gaulle, Stalin

C Churchill, Stalin

D Chamberlain, Truman

A movie from the Second World War said that "German fascism suffered its first heavy blow in the Soviet Union." This battle was

A Battle of Leningrad

B Battle of Moscow

C Battle of Stalingrad

D Battle of Britain

What are the main reasons for the repeated success of fascist aggression?

1. The German, Italian, and Japanese fascist armies had an advantage in strength in the early stages of the war and had long-planned plans.

2. Fascist countries often devote all their strength when attacking, are good at disguise, and are accustomed to carrying out surprise attacks.

3. In the early days of the war, major capitalist countries such as Britain and France adopted a policy of appeasement against fascist aggression; for the sake of its own security and to avoid being involved in the war, the Soviet Union signed a Soviet-German non-aggression pact with Germany. All these have hindered the unity of the world's anti-fascist forces and facilitated the defeat of fascist countries one by one.

4. Some invaded countries have weak organizational resistance and backward strategies and tactics.

5. The Soviet Union and other countries did not maintain a high degree of vigilance against the aggression of fascist Germany, did not fully prepare before the war, and underestimated the time scale and focus of the German offensive.

Keywords: free download of PPT courseware for history and society in the ninth grade of People's Education Press, PPT download of Germany's attack on the Soviet Union and Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, PPT download of China's Anti-Japanese War and the World Anti-Fascist War, in .PPT format;

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Part One: Thinking

Why did fascist countries repeatedly succeed in their aggression in the early days of the war?

① Britain, France and other countries pursue appeasement policies (the main reason is...

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Update Time: 2024-09-30

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