"The Highly Centralized Northern Song Dynasty" "Pluralism and Integration" Pattern and the High Development of Civilization PPT Courseware

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"The Highly Centralized Northern Song Dynasty" "Pluralism and Integration" Pattern and the High Development of Civilization PPT Courseware

Part One: The establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty and the end of the split

1. The establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty - Chenqiao Mutiny (960)

time, place, person, result

2. The end of the split situation

Characters: Song Taizu, Song Taizong

Time: 960-979

2. The strengthening of centralization in the Northern Song Dynasty

1. Background: In the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, warlords and generals became domineering, affecting the stability of the political situation.

Song Taizu himself seized power through a mutiny in order to prevent a similar mutiny from happening again.

The current situation of division and separatism during the founding of the Song Dynasty

2. Measures: ① Centralize military power

② Centralize administrative power

③Concentrate financial and judicial power

④Develop the imperial examination system

centralize military power

①Remove the military power of the Forbidden Army general Shi Shouxin and others;

②Continuously reduce the actual power of Jiedushi;

③ Divide the command of the Forbidden Army into three parts, all of which are directly responsible to the emperor;

④Establish the Privy Council;

⑤Implement the replacement law;

⑥The strongest men from each local army were selected into the Forbidden Army, half of them guarded the capital, and the other half were stationed in various places.

centralize administrative power

(1) Central:

Divide the powers of the prime minister

Established to be informed of political affairs—administrative power

Establish Privy Envoy - Military Power

Set up three envoys - financial power

(2) Place:

Civil officials were appointed as magistrates of the state and general judges and supervisors.

"Three years old and one easy"

Impact: Strengthens centralization and is conducive to unification;

But the bureaucracy is huge, overstaffed and inefficient

Highly centralized Northern Song Dynasty PPT, part 2: Characteristics of strengthening centralization in the Northern Song Dynasty

1. Emphasis on literature over military affairs, and the country should be governed by men of letters

The lessons learned from the separatist rule of vassal towns since the late Tang Dynasty and the dominance of warriors in politics since the late Tang Dynasty have effectively consolidated the unity; however, because the literati did not understand military affairs, the combat effectiveness of the army was low.

2. Split local power and highly centralize power in the central government

It is conducive to unification and prevents division; but it results in low efficiency of local administrative agencies and overstaffing of central agencies, resulting in redundant officials.

3. Weak branches and strong stems, guarding the internal weakness and external deficiencies

It was conducive to strengthening the centralization of power and effectively suppressing the resistance of local and peasant classes; but the empty border defense became the reason for the Northern Song Dynasty's repeated defeats in the national struggle.

4. Develop the imperial examination system

It further expanded the basis of rule and strengthened centralization; but it also resulted in a huge bureaucracy.

Summary: Use historical facts to illustrate the impact of strengthening centralization in the Northern Song Dynasty

Positive: Eradicating the basis of feudal separatism, thereby maintaining the unity and stability of the country, and also conducive to economic development.

Negative: caused the situation of "three redundancies and two accumulations" in the Northern Song Dynasty (redundant officials, redundant soldiers, redundant expenses, poverty and weakness)

Weakening the combat effectiveness of the army and weakening border defense forces - creating a weak situation

Overlapping agencies and redundant officials

Financial difficulties - creating a situation of poverty

The highly centralized Northern Song Dynasty PPT, the third part: the development process of the authoritarian centralized system:

(1) Theoretical basis: During the Warring States Period, Han Feizi’s Legalist thought laid the theoretical foundation for its formation. ——(Shang Yang’s Reform)

(2) Establishment: After the unification of Qin, politically, the supreme imperial power was established; administrative agencies from the central to local governments were established; Qin laws were promulgated. In terms of culture, books were written in the same text, books were burned and Confucians were burned, ideological control was strengthened, and it was stipulated that the law should be used as teaching and officials should be used as teachers. ——Established a centralized system of authoritarianism.

(3) Consolidation: During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty, he promulgated the "Extension of Favor Order" politically; ideologically, he "deposed hundreds of schools of thought and respected Confucianism" to strengthen centralization. ——The centralized system has been consolidated.

(4) Improvement: During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the three provinces and six ministries system and the imperial examination system were implemented - the centralized system was further improved.

(5) Strengthening: During the Northern Song Dynasty, rulers concentrated military, administrative, financial and judicial power, and developed the imperial examination system - further strengthening centralization

(6) Unprecedented intensification: Ming and Qing Dynasties - not finished, to be continued...

Highly centralized Northern Song Dynasty PPT, part 4 content: Wang Anshi’s Reform

1. Background: In the mid-Northern Song Dynasty, the government finances could not make ends meet and social conflicts were acute. At the same time, border troubles continued and ethnic conflicts deepened.

2. Purpose: To enrich the country and strengthen the army

3. Time: 1069

4. Character: Wang Anshi (appointed by Song Shenzong)

5. Measures:

5. Impact: After the implementation of the new law, agricultural production has improved, government revenue has increased, and the national military strength has increased.

6. Reasons for failure: During the reform process, there were situations that harmed the people; it endangered the vested interests of some social classes and was strongly opposed.

Keywords: Free download of PPT courseware on history and society in the first volume of the eighth grade of the People's Education Press, PPT download of the highly centralized Northern Song Dynasty, PPT download of the pattern of pluralism and integration and the high development of civilization, .PPT format;

For more information about the PPT courseware "Pluralistic Integration and the Highly Development of Civilization and the Highly Centralized Northern Song Dynasty" PPT courseware, please click the PPT tag of "The Pluralistic Integration Pattern and the Highly Development of Civilization and the Highly Centralized Northern Song Dynasty".

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Update Time: 2024-06-29

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