"The Northern Song Dynasty coexists with the Liao and Xixia" "Pluralism and Integration" pattern and the high development of civilization PPT

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"The Northern Song Dynasty coexists with the Liao and Xixia" "Pluralism and Integration" pattern and the high development of civilization PPT

Part One: The relationship between the Northern Song Dynasty and the Liao Dynasty:

1. The rise of Khitan

1) The Khitan people originally lived in the upper reaches of the Liao River and were nomadic; they later learned farming and settled down

2). Country name: first called Khitan and then renamed Liao

3) Founder: Yelu Abaoji (Taizu of Liao Dynasty)

4), Time: 916

5), capital: Shangjing (today’s Balinzuo Banner, Inner Mongolia)

2. Consolidation of the Khitan regime

Politically:

(1) Set up southern and northern officials in the central government to effectively manage all ethnic groups within the territory;

Economically:

(2) Pay attention to reducing taxes and servitude and rewarding land reclamation;

Culturally:

(3) Establish Confucius Temple and perform Spring and Autumn Festival sacrifices;

(4) Follow the example of the Central Plains dynasty and set up imperial examinations to select talents;

(5) Create Khitan characters by imitating the strokes of Chinese characters;

(6) Formulate statutory laws.

3. Khitan culture also has an impact on Han culture

(1) Cheese was introduced to the Central Plains

(2) Khitan clothing is popular in the Central Plains

(3) Han people and Khitan people in Youyan area often intermarry, and many Han people give Khitan names to their children and grandchildren.

4. Alliance of Chanyuan

(1) Battle of Chanyuan

In 1004, the Liao army launched a massive attack on the Northern Song Dynasty, approaching Chanyuan City on the bank of the Yellow River. The situation in the capital Tokyo was critical. Some people advocated moving the capital to avoid it, but Prime Minister Kou Zhun firmly opposed it and urged Song Zhenzong to conquer it himself. The morale of the Song army was greatly boosted, and the Liao army commander was shot dead. The Liao army suffered a heavy setback.

(2) Alliance of Chanyuan

Main content: Liao retreated, Song and Liao each guarded their borders, and the Northern Song Dynasty gave it to Liao Yin and Juan every year.

Impact: There was relative peace between the Song and Liao Dynasties for more than a hundred years.

Evaluation: The establishment of the "Chanyuan Alliance" increased the burden on the people of the Northern Song Dynasty and was a humiliating alliance for the Song Dynasty;

On the other hand, it also illustrates the balance of power between Song and Liao. The signing of the alliance maintained a relatively peaceful situation for more than a hundred years, and the economy and culture of both parties developed.

PPT on the coexistence of the Northern Song Dynasty and Liao Xixia, part two: the relationship between the Northern Song Dynasty and Xixia:

1. The rise of Xixia

1) The Dangxiang people live in northwest China and are nomadic; they later learned farming and settled down

2) Country name: Daxia, historically known as Xixia

3). Founder: Yuan Hao

4), time: 1038 years

5), capital: Xingqing (now Yinchuan, Ningxia)

In 1038 AD, Yuan Hao, the leader of the party, ascended the throne and proclaimed himself emperor in Xingqing (today's Yinchuan). The country was named Daxia and the history was called Xixia. From then on, Xixia began its history of nearly two hundred years. During the reign of Yuan Hao, Xixia's power developed greatly. Its jurisdiction "occupies the Yellow River in the east, reaches Yumen in the west, borders Xiaoguan (south of Tongxin County, Ningxia) in the south, and reaches the desert in the north, with a territory of more than 20,000 miles." Including present-day Ningxia, most of Gansu, northern Shaanxi, and part of Inner Mongolia.

2. War between Song and Xia

(1) After Yuan Hao became emperor, he fought with Song Dynasty for many years, and both sides suffered heavy losses.

(2) The two sides negotiated a peace, and Yuan Hao declared himself a minister to the Song Dynasty. The Northern Song Dynasty gave Xixia silver, silk, tea, etc. every year.

The positive significance of the peace agreement reached between the Northern Song Dynasty and Liao and Xixia

1. Make the border between both sides relatively stable;

2. Conducive to economic and cultural exchanges;

3. The two parties have maintained a long-term peaceful relationship;

4. Promote ethnic integration and contribute to national unification.

3. Xixia imitated the measures taken by the Central Plains Dynasty

(1) The Xixia emperor attached great importance to Confucianism, built schools extensively, and translated Confucian classics. When Renzong was in power, he issued an edict to honor Confucius as "Emperor Wenxuan".

(2) Follow the example of the Central Plains dynasty and set up imperial examinations;

(3) Mint coins in Chinese;

(4) Model Chinese character structure and create Xixia characters.

PPT on the coexistence of Northern Song Dynasty and Liaoxi Xia, part three: classroom training

1. (2010·Yichang High School Entrance Examination) The minority regime that signed the Chanyuan Alliance with the Northern Song Dynasty is ( )

A. Xixia B. gold c. Liao D. Yuan

2. (2010·Guigang High School Entrance Examination) Where in A, B, C and D on the right is the regime established by minority leader Yuan Hao in 1038 ( )

3. (2010·Lianyungang High School Entrance Examination) The following schematic diagram that can correctly reflect the coexistence of the Northern Song Dynasty and the ethnic minority regimes is ()

4. After the Song Dynasty and Xixia reached a peace agreement, the positive impacts include ( )

① Increased the economic burden on the people of the Central Plains ② Promoted peaceful exchanges between Song and Xixia

③Promoted the development of the northwest border areas ④The Northern Song Dynasty obtained a relatively stable development environment

A. ①②③B. ②③④ C. ①③④ D． ①②④

5. (2010 Laiwu High School Entrance Examination) "The Emperor of the Song Dynasty hereby swears an oath to the Emperor of the Khitan: we will abide by the letter, worship the alliance with devotion, and support the military expenses according to the local conditions, with two hundred thousand silk every year. Horses, 100,000 taels of silver...send people to transport them to Xiongzhou for delivery." Which of the following historical facts has nothing to do with this covenant ( )

A. The Liao army attacked the Song Dynasty and the Battle of Chanzhou occurred

B． The Northern Song Dynasty promised to give Liao Sui coins

C. From now on, peace will be maintained between Liao and Song Dynasties

D. The Song and Liao Dynasties were bounded by the Huai River to Dashan Pass.

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Update Time: 2024-06-19

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